Implication of globalisation on social policy Essay

It is now difficult to read a newspaper or a book, watch the television, surf the Internet, or participate in a demonstration without coming across references to how ‘globalization’ is affecting our lives. One of the crucial challenges facing many developing and transitional economies is balancing the benefits of globalisation with the risks and costs. According to Sheila L (2004) : ‘Globalization can be described as a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society. This process is a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural and political forces’Globalisation is a complex phenomenon, with economic, political and cultural dimensions. At the centre are economic pressures stemming from trade liberalization and increased international competition driven by technological change and growth of the knowledge economy. But political globalisation as reflected in regional groupings, American power, and the influence of global institutions such as the OECD and the IMF may also compromise the self-determination of individual countries. According to Giddens (2001) there are also powerful influences that stem from a cultural globalisation of ideas and values. Thus the process of globalization results in the dissemination and transfusion of ideas that attain significant global social policy currency. Individual countries can both contribute to and be influenced by this process . Effect of globalization:Globalization has variety of effects, that are influencing almost every aspect of life, existence, as well as economic, industrial, financial, social area. Increase of globalization can be seen on Table1. In most of the countries given in example, that measure doubled or, as in case of Czech Republic, even tripled. Basing on Wikipedia division, I would like to highlight economic effect of globalization, that seen in sociological context, increased economic inequality throughout the world and within the United States. Globalization since 1980 has also raised the inequality between nations and peoples, and cemented the polarization of the world into rich and poor nations. Increased competition that induces changes in production in an economy will lead to better allocation of resources, greater efficiency and productivity. However, even if there is net benefit from globalization for the whole economy, some groups and sectors will lose. The net benefits are not shared equally amongst the population and globalization can increase inequities to the extent that certain groups, sectors or regions, are able to participate and grow much faster than other groups, sectors or regions within a country. Therefore, whilst the benefits of globalization are generally accepted, the jury is still out on assessing the social impact arising from globalization and more importantly how to best manage the risks and costs in order to maximize the net benefit for all concerned. Impact of globalization on social policiesNowadays all countries are exposed to economic pressures from globalization that has had implications for social policy. Chart 1 show how Social Globalization has developed over time – measured by the average of the individual country indices. There are numerous arguments regarding how globalization aggravates social problems, while at the same time weakening states’ ability to address them. Expansion of globalization, and the preoccupation with business interests and national economic competitiveness inherent to it, is said to erode democracy itself by depriving voters the opportunity to get their governments to provide social protection. Thus, globalization both increases market-based inequalities through increased labor-market inequality and also places pressure on the capacity of governments to ameliorate them through  tax policy and transfer payments and services. They have also employed greater targeting of benefits and encouraged the expansion of private insurance against labor market risks. Health and other social service programmers have been subject to budget caps, user co-payments, internal markets and other efficiency-oriented reforms. Continuing high levels of social expenditure and considerable differences in levels of poverty and inequality provide support for this view and challenge the idea of an inevitable globalization-induced ‘race to the bottom’ in social spending. But as data from Table 2 suggests us, although expenditure patterns over recent years have been broadly convergent, the trend is not, in fact, towards the bottom, but towards generally higher levels of spending and a greater salience of welfare state objectives. Although in some continental countries, like Denmark, Netherlands, Italy etc. rose only modestly, or even decrease. In U.K and USA increase of Gini Coefficient remains as the highest, close to 8%. According to IMF trends in income inequality across advanced economies have been quite different. In the United States, which started out with a relatively high degree of income inequality, it has increased even further. However, other countries with initially low levels of income inequality, including Denmark, France and the Netherlands, saw some further decline. The impact of globalization on social policy can be seen in both developed and developing countries. Globalization at itself suggest that transnationalisation of production exerts pressure on states to reduce the burden of taxes and regulations on firms. While this reduces financial and compliance burden on firms, it also erodes the states’ fiscal and organizational capacity to maintain the welfare state. Second, it is argued that generous welfare  benefits stifle work incentives which gradually undermine an economy’s international competitiveness. Governments are, as a result, obliged to keep benefits in check and preferably reduced in order to maintain international competitiveness. Third, concern for the investors’ sentiments leads governments to focus on balance of payment, inflation and fiscal prudence because governments that do not sufficiently address these concerns find their nations shunned by business, which dampens economic growth, which in turn und ermines voters’ support for the government. As a result, governments can no longer boost their economy through expansionary social and economic investment measures and must instead rely on promotion of international trade and investment, which serves the interests of business more than the society at large. Globalization enters the ways in which the content of social policy and the distribution of welfare are shaped by: governmental and nongovernmental organizations responding not only to domestic issues and sources of pressure but also to circumstances, events, and developments in other countries; the policies of foreign governments, international organizations, and financial institutions; and the decisions and activities of overseas headquarters. In essence, then, globalization draws attention to the ways in which societies, economies, and polities – including labor markets and welfare systems – of different countries are entangled in one another. All this is effecting in lowering social and labor standards, as well as shifting public services (like heath-care and education), to privatization and existence on global market. That’s why issues with which social policy is concerned to the level of supranational institutions, agencies, and forums, both world-regional (e.g. EU) and global (WB etc) are raised. ConclusionIn my assignment I examined the interconnections between globalization and social policy. I have seen that globalization is a complex process, and that ‘globalization studies’ displays a range of theoretical, ideological, and political perspectives. Summing up influence of globalization is taking different directions, what is mostly depended by the stage of development and character of country. Social problems ranging from famine to floods, from pollution to poverty, and from rural depopulation to urban overcrowding are commonly cited examples of the many invidious effects  of globalization on social welfare. Conversely, globalization is trumpeted as being central to many developmental successes, such as poverty reduction, increasing economic prosperity, better services, and enhanced concern with human rights. Even those who are skeptical of the benefits globalization has brought so far may point to the ways in which it has the potential to transform politica l, economic, and social relations within and between countries to the benefit of human welfare worldwide. Globalization brings new potentials for development and wealth creation. But there are divergent views and perceptions among people as concerns its economic and social impact, and indeed widely varying impacts on the interests and opportunities of different sectors and economic and social actors. Some argue that the present model of globalization has increased problems of unemployment, inequality and poverty, while others contend that globalization helps to reduce them. In my opinion, these problems predated globalization, but it is clear that for globalization to be politically and economically sustainable, it must contribute to their reduction. Hence the future goal of a globalization is meeting needs of all people. References: Edwards, R. 2000. Globalisation and Pedagogy : Space, Place and Identity. London, UK: RoutledgeFalmer,Giddens, A. 2001. Introduction in The Global Third Way Debate, Cambridge. Hill M., 2006. Social Policy in the Modern World, Blackwell PublishingJackson A. Globalization and progressive social policySheila L. Croucher. 2004. Globalization and Belonging: The Politics of Identity in a Changing World. Rowman & Littlefield. p.10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalizationhttp://globalization.kof.ethz.ch/static/pdf/press_release_2008_en.pdfhttp://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07169.pdfhttp://stats.oecd.org/wbos/default.aspx?DatasetCode=SNA_TABLE11http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07169.pdf

He Who Owns Information Owns the World Essay

It is impossible to underestimate the impact of Mass Media on every single person, and a society as a whole. For many centuries, starting with the invention of first printing machine, public opinion was extensively exposed to the influence of mass media. Ideally, mass media should be an independent body, whose main function is to reflect the reality, and provide people with new information, concerning economical, political and cultural aspects of life. But is it true that this is their only goal? However, as everything in the world is influenced by something, mass media is also being influenced, which makes it lose the main purpose which it serves. It is well-known that by means of mass media people’s behavior and beliefs can be adapted to the goals of certain individuals or organizations. Nevertheless the dramatic effect of mass media may seem small at the first sight, because it is a long slow process of adding up necessary information in order to modify public opinion. With the invention of the Internet the interaction between public opinion and mass media has become even stronger; hence, the influence on public opinion has also become more intense. As we know news programs on TV provide us with the current events going on worldwide, but it is already a fact that the same events are interpreted and shown differently in different countries. Before the news can be shown on TV they are altered in order to satisfy somebody’s needs. Thus, it is possible to say, that a process of â€Å"inventing reality† does really exists. To sum up we can see that who owns the information he owns the world. In my opinion the main function of mass media should be just the reflection of reality, without any interpretations, adaptations and other means of misleading the people. But unfortunately nowadays mass media is one more way to control people.

Job selection-multiple criteria decision analysis Math Problem

Job selection-multiple criteria decision analysis - Math Problem Example job offers from five companies: Systems Developers, Anderssun Consulting, Computing Software Systems (CSS), the South-Tech Company, and Electronic Village.Systems Developers and Anderssun Consulting are both large international consulting firms with offices in several major cities in Europe. If Lynn accepted the offer of either of these firms, she would primarily work on project teams assigned to develop decision support and information systems for corporate clients around Europe. If she went with Systems Developers, her home base would be in Rome, and if she accepted Anderssuns offer she would be located in Amsterdam. However, in both cases she would be travelling a great deal and could sometimes be on the road at a client location for as much as six to nine months. CSS is a software and computer systems development company with a campus-like location in Berlin. Although her job with CSS would involve some travelling, it would never be more than several weeks at any one time. Due to this fact the report is going to indicate on how Lynn can use MCDA to analyse her data well and effectively. A strategic decision has been defined as one that is â€Å"important, in terms of the actions taken, the resources committed, or the precedents set† [48] (p. 126). Strategic decisions are â€Å"infrequent decisions made by the top leaders of an organisation that critically affect organizational health and survival† [18] (p. 17). Furthermore, the process of creating, evaluating and implementing strategic decisions is typically characterised by the consideration of high levels of uncertainty, potential synergies between different options, long term consequences, and the need of key stakeholders to engage in significant psychological and social negotiation about the strategic decision under consideration. A recent trend within organisations is the employment of strategy workshops as an effective means to engage in the strategic decision making process and ensure the participation

Corporate Goal of Maximizing Shareholder Value Essay

Corporate Goal of Maximizing Shareholder Value - Essay Example Enhancing shareholder value cannot be stretched beyond the limits that start breaching the fundamental requirements of corporate governance. Ireland (1996. pp289) established an empirical generalization that the legal existence of the company and the shareholders is entirely separate. Although acts like Sarbanes Oxley in United States have made the leadership of the organization (CEO or CFO!!) legally responsible for the accuracy in accounting statements, many countries around the world still lacks such acts. Moreover, the act does not make shareholders responsible always because in many companies the shareholders do not sign on accounting statements or manage the company operations. Sundaram and Inkpen (2004. pp353) argue that the shareholder value maximization should be considered after all the liabilities of the corporate has been fulfilled - including incentives of managers, contractual liabilities, payments of dividends, principal & interest payments to bond holders, supplier du es, wages, salaries, etc. The net value addition in shareholder wealth needs to be taken care of after all such liabilities have been fulfilled that can be effectively managed through corporate governance. ... ffective corporate governance are conflicting objectives and hence need to be managed by different individuals to reduce the risk of conflict of interest. The non shareholding stakeholders should be engaged in corporate governance whereas the shareholders should be engaged in wealth maximization and the both parties should have a congenial environment to resolve conflicting situations. These roles should be normally fixed in support of the argument by Sundaram and Inkpen (2004. pp355) that the transition from non-shareholding stakeholders to shareholders is easy but vice versa is very difficult. Example, a CEO practicing effective corporate governance should be kept out of shareholding otherwise the conflict of interest scenarios will happen. Non shareholding CEOs will not indulge into high risk taking attitudes in the attempt to maximize shareholder wealth that may lead to the corporate failing miserably in meeting their obligations and the backfiring on shareholder wealth leading t o complete crash. The meltdown of organizations like Lehman Brothers is an ideal example of failure of control procedures on risk taking attitudes. To what extent the objective of shareholder maximization is constrained by agency theory Agency theory is an important aspect of corporate balancing acts given that individuals will divulge into those actions that maximize their personal utility. This forms an excellent baseline for creating a balance between shareholder wealth maximization and corporate governance. The current financial crisis that we are witnessing is the result of stretched risk appetite in the attempt to maximize shareholder wealth to the largest possible extent. Denis & Denis (1999. pp1072) presents the influence of agency theory on risk taking attitudes of corporate

Management communication - memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management communication - memo - Assignment Example It is an inter-level choice because of one heading and use of white space to stress points. It is also an extra-level choice because of using information displays of green blocks with information being stressed the bottom of the document. The document has used a framework of imaginary columns to merge graphic elements. The document can be improved utilizing headings to set points, using more than one font, as well as color moderation (Glushko & McGrath, 2008). Page Design 3: It is within the intra-level of design because of the use of different fonts and sizes, some in italics and others in bold. It is also an inter-level choice because of the different headings of different fonts and sizes. The document uses white space to accentuate points. It is also an extra-level choice because of using a colored picture at the centre of the document, and four other graphical pictures, which are black and white, evenly distributed within the document. The document is within the supra-level of document design because of the paper size change, grids that delineate the look of every section of the document. The document can be improved by utilizing one or two fonts, as well as using color highlights (Garcia, 2007). Page Design 4: It is within the intra-level of design because of the use of one type of font in bold. It is an inter-level choice because of the dissimilar headings of different sizes. The document utilizes white space to highlight points. It is also an extra-level choice because of using a colored picture placed at the bottom center of the document. It is also within the supra-level of document design because of the, color formats, grids that describe the look of every section of the document. The document can be improved by using two fonts or less and putting important elements in the top left and lower right quadrants of the page (Carliner et. al.,

HIV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

HIV - Essay Example This results in the further marginalization of these groups as a result of the stigma that is associated with people who are affected by this disease. They are thus, doubly oppressed as they have to face oppression as a result of their class and their medical condition. In some cases, the situation is complicated by issues of ethnicity. This paper shall look at such details as they are found in Unity Dow’s novel Far and Beyond and Beauty’s Gift by Sindiwe Magona. The paper shall look at how the issues of race and class influence and inform the analyses that these two writers make of the problem of HIV/AIDS. The sensitivity with which the issues of how the two problems interact, is handled, shall be looked at in the paper. The paper shall also look at the complex nature of this interaction. Unity Dow’s novel, Far and Beyond, looks at the condition of women in Botswana. It is the condition of such women who are indoctrinated into believing that they are inferior to men that the novel analyses. This position is complicated by the fact that the women of this community often have to fight against diseases and medical conditions on their own as well. The novel delves deep into the family of Mara where she and her children are faced with the burden of dealing with social marginalization and the problems that are a part of living with AIDS. What the novelist hints at is the fact that in such a society, it is difficult to deal with issues such as medical care when the main preoccupation of the people who are victims is to fight off poverty. In such situations, one also needs to analyse the fact of whether such conditions of poverty are not engendered by a lack of opportunities that are a chronic problem in countries such as Botswana. Such conditions of underdevelopment also lead to problems within the legal and social frameworks for

Organisational Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 18

Organisational Change Management - Essay Example The Suffolk County Council has not been changed since its inception time and continued to operate in more or less same manner since then. After recruiting as the new CEO of the SCC, Andrea Hill proposed for certain organizational changes which will lead it to a better horizon in the near future. The underline problem of SCC is the huge gap between its actual cost and the yearly turnover. According to Andrea Hill, the organization would not bring extra capital to invest in balancing the gap, but the cost of the service they produce would be out of the hand much sooner. To stand at the safe point, the organization can go for a huge redundancy program, but it would not be enough to pull up the profit figure in the comfort zone. The key issue that the organization is facing now is the wider old system implied through all the organization’s structure. For this reason, the day to day expenses is rising at the same pace too. Moreover, they have numerous service verticals which they p rovide their consumers. Merging or removing any service verticals would harm the organization’s image to the consumers. So, in this context Hill suggests to curb down the demand for their services in two ways that is – stating the root cause of the local and social problem a change for which will be implemented overall and would be acceptable for a longer period of time. On the other hand, building communities by gathering sufficient capital from the people also would help the organization to pull down the costs.

The Applicability of Case Study Findings and the Main Components of Research Paper

The Applicability of Case Study Findings and the Main Components of Historical - Research Paper Example There are a number of reasons that can be attributed to this. In the first place, the unique characteristics of the research setting where the case study was carried may be difficult to find in other areas and so applicability of findings in other context becomes challenging (He and Opposs, 2012). Again, most of the variables in case studies have been noted to change very rapidly with time. This is another condition that affects that applicability of case study findings negatively. On historical researches, Gall, Gall and Borg (2007) noted that there are very specific components of these that make them unique from other forms of research. More importantly, the approach to conducting historical research has been said to be an important factor that affects outcomes. To get very accurate outcomes that can be considered applicable to present situations, it is admonished that there will be the extensive use of primary resources of data for historical research. The idea is that using primary sources of data makes it possible to have evidence that justify the occurrence of events in the historical contexts within which the research is performed (Dorn et al., 2013). For example to undertake a historical research on the abolition of slave trade, it will be important to use such primary sources of data such as books or newspaper articles that were produced at the time of the event. Doing so helps in finding the real validity behind the claims that are made in such

Personal Health Lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Health Lab - Essay Example The issue of financial benefit from Lacks’s cells continues to be raised. Her heirs are the antithesis of a Norman Rockwell American family. Since many of them live at a subsistence level and often without health care, there is considerable irony in the fact that millions of dollars have been made on Lacks’s genetic material. Those who carry her genes have not seen one cent of that windfall. Decades passed before the family even knew of the continued existence of their mother, in her extraordinary cells. Not only is this famous woman buried in an unmarked grave, but also her family is â€Å"unmarked† with the monies her cells have generated. One of the incidents Skloot relates concerns her ongoing relationship with Lacks’s youngest daughter, Deborah. When Skloot began her research, Deborah was in her sixties. Deborah’s approach to the revelation about her mother was mixed. On one hand, she had many sober questions about her mother’s illness, her ongoing â€Å"life,† and its contributions to science as well as about the implications for her own health. On the other hand, she feared that her mother’s cells felt the effects of the diseases they were employed to study. At times Deborah believed her mother to be, in some sense, alive and capable of feeling the pain and other accompanying effects of AIDS, Ebola, and other diseases. She had read that her mother’s cells had been used for researching cures for these diseases. She vacillated between a cooperative and friendly attitude toward the author and a paranoid and distrustful stance. Skloot stuck with Deborah through her bouts with depression, hysteria, and severe cases of hives. The author once even came to blows with Lacks’s daughter, and she was present when Deborah was exorcized. By the time the book was published, Deborah had died.  

Attitude Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Attitude - Research Paper Example This is in line with the changing beliefs that are shaping up the organizational climate of present times, and echoes well with the manager’s work performance tenets which remain quintessential with each passing day. This paper discusses attitude and its effect on a manager’s work performance. How attitude is remarked here is something that holds a lot of value and significance for the manager. The manager’s repertoire shall be bolstered if he knows that the employees working under his aegis are positive within their attitudes and that they are ready to give in their best time and again. It is a definitive plus if the manager is adamant that his employees will give in their best no matter how tough it is or how trying the circumstances will turn out to be at the end (Bryan, 2009). There is a dire need to understand that the manager’s work performance is boosted if his employees are having positive attitude and know how to give in their best on a proactivel y consistent basis. The manager’s work performance is immensely helped when attitude is positive. If however, this attitude is not positive, then there would be a lot of problems for this manager, as he would have to undergo stress and tensions at the workplace realms. He would have to properly understand why people are being nagging and then resolve the disputes that are coming up within his realms. There is a dire need to comprehend the fact that attitude shapes up many actions and undertakings within the employees’ and managers’ aegis, and this will be the success pointers for the organizational regimes. A manager needs to address quite a few issues that come to his understanding levels. Now if he sees that the work is not carried out in a positive way, he will feel the pinch and there would be significant issues which will cone to the reckoning of all and sundry within the organizational folds (Author Unknown, 2011). If the attitude hinders his work domains, it would mean that there is something wrong somewhere, and much needs to be done, and that too in a proper and quick way. This is the need of the hour as organizations require managers who are ready and willing to accept change within their realms and thus be full of positive attitude and demeanor. This will resolve quite a few aspects that come under the heading of behavioral issues. The attitude aspect is given significance by the top management as well because it knows that the managers have to be up and willing to remain positive with regards to their respective attitudes and it is about time that they needed to set their house in order before taking care of the employees that are under them in entirety. What remains to be seen is the fact that their personal problems do not hinder their attitudes towards work and allows them to freely move ahead with the passage of time, because this is indeed required at the end of the day. The manager’s work performance is usually ali gned with the ways and means through which he understands the dictum of work. If this manager believes that his work could be carried out with minimal positive attitude then this would mean that his attitude is not set at the most optimal level that there should be. However, if he believes that he could stay negative within his attitude and still complete work at his end, then this would mean that there are a lot of problems within his work performance regimes, and that he needs to sort out these issues –

Learning Styles Theory Essay Example for Free

Learning Styles Theory Essay Learning styles theory originated in the 1970’s and is based around the idea that people have preferences about how they like to learn. Theorists believe that each individual has a particular learning style that is best suited to them and allows them to collect and process information successfully in order to learn. The principle idea is that these learning style differ from one individual to the next and theorists argue that school teachers should incorporate these learning styles into their lessons so that student is catered for and everyone can learn effectively. Many educationalists believe that differences in learning styles are responsible for some student difficulties, for example, if a student is taught in a style they do not prefer they may not learn as successfully as those students being taught in their preferred style. David Kolb is one of the main researchers who studied learning strategies and processes and put forward his idea of experimental learning. Kolb stated that; â€Å"Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience.† (David A Kolb, 1984) Kolb’s experimental learning model draws on the ‘Lewin Cycle of Adult learning’ and proposes that there are four stages which follow on from each other to complete the learning cycle. Kolb’s model suggests that in order for learning to be effective that an individual must include the four stages; Concrete Experience, Abstract Conceptualization, Reflective Observation and Active Experimentation, in their learning process. He believed that this would result in the individual finding that they had strengths and weaknesses in particular stages and their preferred learning style derived from this. Kolb stated that there are four instrumental learning styles which follow on from th e four previous stages, these are; the diverging learning style, the assimilating, the converging and the accommodating learning styles. Kolb’s theory was generally widely accepted however recent critics have found it unreliable. Two management development specialists named Peter Honey and Alan Mumford further developed Kolb’s theory and created a questionnaire designed to find out a person’s preferred learning style. The questionnaire asks a series of questions which help the individual to identify their preferred learning habits. The answers to these questions are scored and the person then falls into one of four categories which is the learning style best suited to them based on the answers they  have given. Honey and Mumford put forward four main learning styles; Reflectors, theorists, pragmatists and activists, each with their own characteristics. Reflectors prefer to learn through activities which allow them to observe, think and review situations. They like to collect data and mind map. Theorists prefer to think problems through step by step using lectures, systems, case studies etc. Quite often they are perfectionists. Pragmatists enjoy applying new ideas and techniques to actual practise to test their use. They prefer learning through lab work, field work and observations rather than lectures or lengthy discussions. They are practical and like concepts which can be applied to their own jobs. Activists enjoy new things and like challenges. They prefer to learn through activities role-playing, problem solving and small group discussions. They are unlikely to prepare for their learning or to review it afterwards. This was Honey and Mumford’s interpretation of learning styles theory however other theorists have different opinions. Neil Fleming’s VAK model of learning styles is one of the most popular interpretations. Fleming developed an inventory designed to help students learn more about their individual learning preferences. Fleming’s VAK model identified three learning styles; Visual, Auditory and Kinaesthetic. According to this theory most people have a preferred learning style however some people may prefer to learn using a mixture of all three styles. As with the previous theories each style within the VAK model has individual characteristics based on their learning preferences. Visual learners learn best through seeing. They think in pictures and have intense mental images. They like to learn using maps, charts, pictures or videos. They tend to have visual skills in activities such as reading, writing, puzzle building, interpreting charts and graphs, and painting a nd have a good sense of direction. Auditory learners like to learn through listening. They tend to think in words rather than pictures and learn best through lectures, discussions, talking things through and hearing other people’s opinions. Auditory learners tend to have highly developed auditory skills and are generally good at speaking and presenting. They demonstrate these skills through speaking, listening, storytelling, explaining, understanding the syntax and meaning of words, remembering information and analysing language usage. Kinaesthetic learners learn best through moving, touching and doing. They find it hard to sit still for long periods of time although  they have a good sense of balance and hand-eye co-ordination. They process and learn information through interacting with objects and materials. They demonstrate their kinaesthetic skills via physical co-ordination, athletic ability and hands on experimentation, body language, acting and building. A classroom is a good environment in which to put the learning styles theory into practise as there are a number of students in one place each with individual preferences on how they like to learn. There are various methods and activities for each learning styl e that can be used to help the student learn effectively in a way that is suited to their particular preference. For example, when tailoring a lesson to suit a visual learner graphics could be used to reinforce learning. Colour coding could be used to organise class note and highlight key points in the text. Encouraging the student to take notes would also help to embed the learning. Visual learners may also find it useful to illustrate ideas and use flow charts and diagrams when note taking. To cater for an auditory learner during a lesson it would be useful to put across ideas or points by reading them aloud to the class or by getting a student to read out passages etc. to the rest of the group. The teacher may also want to read out significant information which they want to be remembered. Verbal analogies and storytelling could also be used to further emphasize issues and points. The use of tunes and rhymes as mnemonic devices would also be helpful to auditory learners. For kinaesthetic learners to learn successfully they could be encouraged to make models or role-play in relation to the lesson in order to physically experience their learning. The student could translate the information they are being taught into diagrams, flow charts etc. in order to help them learn and remember the lesson more successfully or they could count out a list of items to be recalled on their fingers. Kinaesthetic learners should also be urged to skim through material for key points before reading it in detail. As kinaesthetic learners enjoy learning through movement they could be asked to memorize information whilst performing a physical task, for example, whilst running on the spot or hopping on one foot. All of these techniques could be used to help a student develop their visual, auditory or kinaesthetic learning strengths. The same principles could also be applied to the learning styles from the other models in the learning styles theory. To put this theory into practise I have chosen a subject and a topic from within  that subject to teach to a group of my fellow students. I have chosen to look at social psychology and from that I am going to teach the topic of Conformity. I will deliver the lesson using various methods and techniques to cater for the visual, auditory and kinaesthetic learners in the group. The topic of conformity can be broken down and taught accordingly to each of the three styles. To deliver the lesson to the visual learners in the group I plan to teach key terms such as group norms, group pressure and majority influence by writing them and their meanings on the whiteboard at the front of the classroom where they can be clearly seen. I will then ask the stude nt to take down what I have written. I want to teach the students about different research studies that have been conducted on conformity. I will use a projector screen to show a PowerPoint presentation with numerous pictures and graphics detailing the experiments carried out by Sherif (1935) and Asch (1951). To finish my lesson to the visual learners I will show them a documentary film on conformity called ‘The Power of the Situation’. These methods of delivery should help the visual learners of the group to learn to the best of their ability according to the VAK model. To teach conformity to the auditory learners I will again adopt methods which I believe are best suited to their learning preferences. This time instead of writing the key terms on the whiteboard I will state them verbally and then ask the students to have small group discussions on them where they can listen to each other’s opinions and views. After they have completed this I will ask each group to give me examples of majority influence, group pressure, conformity etc. aloud for all the class to hear. I then plan to move on to teach the research studies, I will give a talk on the studies conducted by Asch and Sherif and encourage the students to ask me questions throughout. To end the lesson I will talk about Kelman (1958) and his views on conformity. I am also going to give the class written notes on Kelman and ask the students to read out different sections of the text to the rest of the group. These techniques should ensure a successful learning experience to the auditory learners in the class. Again I will apply the principles of Fleming’s VAK model to teach the conformity lesson to the kinaesthet ic learners of the group. I will teach the key terms by talking about them and asking the students to take notes as I speak. I will then give the students a physical task to test their knowledge of the key terms by asking them to recall the  terms and their meanings whilst jumping up and down. I believe this will be effective as kinaesthetic learners prefer to learn using movements. I may also ask them to do various role-plays depicting examples of situations where conformity has occurred. To teach the research studies to this group I will ask them to repeat the studies as closely as possible and record the results they find. To end the lesson to the kinaesthetic group I will ask them to go through their notes and highlight important points and facts. I believe teaching the topic this way will cover all three styles of the VAK model. Already we can see how the principles of the learning styles theory can be applied in the classroom but the question remains; do learning styles really exist and is it possible and realistic for teachers to teach students in this way? After some research I have found relatively little empirical evidence supporting the theory. On the other hand I have found many arguments which discredit the theory. I am now going to review some of the cases for and against the learning styles theory and try to draw a conclusion. According to the learning styles theory it has the ability to help learners identify their strengths and weaknesses and therefore enable them to develop a more efficient learning process. An extensive literally review of learning styles, cognitive styles, Howard Gardiners multiple intelligences and an information processing model from school psychology was undertaken by Dr Erica Warren and she put forward the idea that there are twelve different learning styles – visual, auditory, kinaesthetic, tactile, sequential, simultaneous, reflective, interactive, direct experience, indirect experience and rhythmic melodic learning. Dr Warren claims that there is no right or wrong way to learn and that all learning styles can easily be accommodated in the classroom without having to teach in twelve different ways. She states that some teaching methods are multi-sensory and meet the preferences of all the different types of learners. Although Dr Warren’s argument seems plausible and is well researched again there is little statistical evidence to substantiate it. This is the same case for the rest of the learning styles theories such as Kolb’s and Fleming’s. This may be because results on testing these theories have been largely based upon answers to questionnaires which rely on the participant’s ability to be precise and objective often leading to doubts regarding validity. Although the reliability of learning styles theory has been discredited to an extent  in recent years it is widely acknowledged that people do gather and process information in diverse ways and that a greater understanding of these styles and preferences will help teachers employ a wider range of teaching techniques providing an effective learning experience for most students. Granted this idea may have some logic it is quite unrealistic to teach in a way that caters to all learning styles fully due to time and financial restraints within schooling systems. According to cognitive psychologist Daniel Willingham there is no scientific evidence whatsoever in support of learning style theory. He claims they do not exist. He argues several valid points about the theory claiming that something closely related to the theory is correct but not the actual theory itself. The theory asserts that students learn via methods such as visual, auditory or kinaesthetic etc. but Willingham points out that this is incorrect. However memories are stored this way by the brain. Willingham also claims that it is not possible for an individual to learn exclusively by their preferred style. For example, a student may prefer to learn through auditory methods but if a teacher is trying to teach shapes it cannot be done via auditory methods as the shapes must be looked to gain a proper sense of them, therefore the student must be able to adopt a variety of different learning styles depending on what is being taught. This suggests that indeed it is not a good idea for teachers to teach relying solely on the learning styles theory. Willingham also talks about a useful experiment used to test out this theory carried out by many people. Two lists of words are given to one visual learner and one auditory learner. First the list is given to the learner via a visual slideshow presentation and then the list is played aloud through a speaker. If the learning styles theory were correct one would assume that the auditory learner would learn best from hearing the words and that the visual learner would learn best from the visual presentation however when put to the test this is not th e results that are found. This is because the learners only encode the visual and auditory characteristics to their visual or auditory memory stores without actually attaching meaning to it. Even though learning styles theory may seem logical and correct when studied in depth the fact is that there is very little empirical evidence to substantiate it. Overall it may be construed that although students may prefer to learn in a particular way they are fully capable of learning in other methods without their  performance being adversely affected. Bibliography http://www.simplypsychology.org/learning-kolb.html http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/the-power-of-the-situation/ http://journeytoexcellence.org.uk/resourcesa Kolb, D. (1984) Experimental Learning: experience as the score of learning and development Kolb, D. (1976) The Learning Style Inventory: Technical Manual, Boston, Ma: McBer McLeod, S.A. (2010) Kolb – Learning Styles retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/ Mumford, A. (1997) How to manage your learning environment, Peter Honey Publications The Learning Styles Questionnaire: by Peter Honey and Alan Mumford, Maidenhead, 2001

Galactic type Essay Example for Free

Galactic type Essay Galaxies can be explained as massive systems of stars, dust, gas as well as other types of matter that are bound together by gravitational forces to form a single physical mass. As Binney and Merrifield (1998: p 34) explain, on the basis of extensive imaging surveys that have been carried out, it is estimated that there are more than 40 billion galaxies in the universe, that are spread out in a complex large-scale systems for example, clusters, super-clusters. There are also boundaries of huge empty spaces referred to as voids. The sun is just part of galaxy called the Milky Way. This galaxy is a much flattened spiral galaxy that could be comprised by more than 400 billions stars. Through the use of telescopes, it is possible to view these galaxies. Gravitational Lenses Gravitational lenses can be described as galaxies and clusters of galaxies, which are so huge that they cause bends to the route of light objects towards their directions, thus they distort the forms of backdrop galaxies into curves as well as rings. At times these gravitational lenses can even lead to photos of galaxies and quasars to be seen in symmetrical outlines around them. However such cosmetic arrangement is very rare and only occurs in out of a thousand elliptical galaxies. Galaxy merges It has been noted that galaxies comes together to create merges. In such a case galaxies can merge in two different ways. One is through forming stars, and the second way is by merging together. Basing on the present theories of how galaxies are formed, it is expected that they are must be extensive merging going on. In fact, there are many examples to attests this point. However, it is very hard to consistently measure the extent of merging that is happening; it calls for huge samples and keen measuring machines and eyes. (http://www. galaxyzoo. org/science) Understanding these galaxies is a significant part of contemporary astronomy. Galaxies are basic units of matter within the space, and explaining the way they are formed as well as how they have achieved their present form is very critical for various aspects in astronomy. Indeed it is significant to note that what is presently known regarding galaxies started with just a simple classification of how the galaxies appeared through the photos taken using huge observatory telescopes. From these photos, galaxies present a broad diversity of forms, or shapes and can basically be divided into various classes just like living things are classified. Classification of galaxy Visual galaxy classification has continued to be helpful at a moment when galaxies still are not better understood. Classification of galaxies offers an outline for more studies and proposes a sound approach to studying these complex galaxies. Classification of galaxies Binney and Merrifield (1998 pp 36) tells us that, different schemes have been formulated to bring some order to galactic zoo; this has been done through pigeonholing galaxies in relation to one or various properties that include shape, luminosity and spectrum. This section has listed some galaxy classification. Hubble classification The well known and mostly used general scheme of galaxy classification is the Hubble classification. In this classification, galaxies are classified according to how they appear. This system was formulated by Edwin Hubble, and it splits the galaxies into spiral (normal as well as barred), elliptical and irregulars. This scheme is characterized by the well known turning-fork figure. Elliptical galaxies are further grouped from spherical (E0) to highly elongated (E7) in relation to their increasing eccentricity. Generally, spirals vary from Sa (those with arms closely wound) to SBc (those with arms extensively spaced). Irregulars are referred to as Ir. However, Alan Sandage added an extra category to this initial scheme. What was added is S0 for describing lenticular system that has a nucleus that is surrounded by a circle-like structure that does not have spiral arms. Accordingly Buta, Corwin and Odewahn (2002, p, 3) explains that, Galaxies are as well usually termed as ‘early’ for those designated as E and S0 or to be ‘late’ for those designated as Sb, Sb and Irr, in essence this is a remainder of early ideas that galaxies physically evolved alongside the Hubble order. Sadly, this classification is contrary to that of the leading stellar population among these types, and it is also contrary to the early-late classification used in the Yerkes nomenclature. The figure bellow shows some of the galaxy classifications Source: http://www. daviddarling. info/encyclopedia/G/galaxies. html Morgan classification William Morgan also formulated a scheme of classifying galaxies that applies the integrated spectrum of stars and their shapes (apparent and real) together with the degree of the galaxy central concentration. This scheme spells out the galactic spectral form as, a; af; fg; g; gk or k (the letter/s corresponds to the various integrated stellar forms). There are other form used for example, S for spiral; B for barred spiral; E for elliptical structure; L for low surface brightness and N for tiny bright nucleus. Numbers are used to classifying the inclination line of vision, thus, 1 is used for face on while 7 is used for edge-on (numbers 1 to 7 are used). Accordingly, Andromeda Galaxy classification is as kS5 De Vaucouleurs-Sandage classification In this classification, SA designates ordinary spirals, while SB designates barred spirals. Then a lower case s in brackets designates S-shaped spirals. Alternatively r will designate ringed shape. Lastly, various transitional phases have been incorporated between SA spirals and Magellanic irregulars Im. Thus using this classification, Andromeda Galaxy is classified as Sa (s) b. Van den Bergh (DDD) classification This classification comprises two parameters. The first one is galactic type (this are Sa; Sb; Sc and Ir). The second parameter is the luminosity class (designated as I, II, III, IV and V). Just like the MKK structure of stellar luminosity classification, the notations S- as well as S+ are applied to designate sub-giant species that have low or high resolution, correspondingly. S (B) notation has created to designate objects that are intermediate between real spirals and the barred spirals. Conclusion Galaxy classification is very useful since it provides a lot of insight information on physical aspects of galaxies. In classifying galaxies, there are various schemes that are used; however, the scheme formulated by Edwin Hubble though revised over the years still remains the most widely used. Classification of galaxy has laid down the foundation of future study in understanding the galaxies. Through correct classification we gain better understanding of these complex galaxies and indeed of our universe. Reference: Binney, Joseph and Morrison Merrifield: Galactic Astronomy: Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998: pp 34-37 Buta, Ronald; Howard Corwin and Stephen Odewahn: Galaxy classification: Cambridge University Press, 2002, p 2-4 Galaxy Zoo: The Science: Accessed from: http://www. galaxyzoo. org/science on 12/6/2009 Galaxy Zoo (2009): The Story So Far Accessed from: http://www. galaxyzoo. org/story on 12/6/2009 The internet Encyclopedia of science: Galaxy classification: Accessed from: http://www. daviddarling. info/encyclopedia/G/galaxies. html on 12/6/2009

Early Years Foundation Stage and National Curriculum

Early Years Foundation Stage and National Curriculum Within this essay I will produce TWO detailed activity/ lesson plans based upon the Early Years Foundation Stage and KS1 My written assignment will consist of: The planning, implementation and evaluation of one science based activity/ lesson within one curriculum framework which will be observed and assessed by my mentor. This activity/ lesson plan must contain use of ICT. The evaluation of this activity/lesson will contain a description of the value of ICT and Science within the curriculum. A plan of one activity/lesson within the other curriculum frame work. I will produce a reflective account for the activity/lesson which I have planned but have not implemented. (I will be expected to reflect upon the process of planning within this unfamiliar of strengths and weaknesses of the curriculum frame work I have planned within. Introduction activity plan in reception The chosen idea of this activity is light which is based on science enquiries in the early years foundation stage for children 4 to 5 years old. Within this activity plan children should be able to understand and demonstrate the learning context, as play is fundamental to children in early years stage, I thought to plan and do the activity through a game, children would learn and maintain learning better through games. Actual activity plan (Reception) I will select 3 children whilst planning time and ask them what object would give us light, children would have background knowledge (within the sciences programme of study of my workplace, teachers did teach children about light, therefore children would feel comfortable to answer the questions and then draw the certain objects on the smart board. In addition I will provide the children with online science clip games about choosing the objects which give us light from the list and place or drag them in the centre of room, from the BBC website to play. Evaluation of activity and lesson plan After implementing the activity within children in reception class I realised that the information communication technology and Science plays a significant part in childrens primary education and is important on the governments programme. Information and communication technology (ict) prepares pupils to participate in a rapidly changing world in which work and other activities are increasingly transformed by access to varied and developing technology. (QCDA, 1999) Within the activity information communication technology helped the children to communicate, explore, find, investigate and exchange correct information. In addition ICT provided the opportunity for children to be creative and enable them to access and share the ideas and experiences within communication , added to that it assisted children in being independent learners and being able to know and identify where and when to use ICT to get beneficial effects. However using ICT might be a disadvantage to the children and make them feel unhappy in some ways, for example in my activity connection errors, finding the smart note book icon on the desktop and loading the internet page were the problems which I have faced. In order to address that issue I thought it is best to plan or perform different activity with a different kind of usage of ICT. My weaknesses Within the activity my weaknesses have become clear for me, upon the Assessor Observation Report sheet I needed to improve my organization skills and also prepared whatever programme which I need to use before the activity started, in my activity case it was smart note book programme. In order to address this weakness I needed to always ask for the help from other member of staffs to show me and help me to find the programme icon on desktop or to find the standard and suitable resources before the actual activity begins. Unfortunately I was not able to provide the children with online science clip games due to technical issue; the school computers did not download the flash player software to play the clip. However this issue could be addressed in the future by checking the requirements of whatever online activity resources. Develop childrens understanding about the activity and linking the certain topics to the natural world and participate boys and girls in the activity, are the areas which I needed to focus on more for the upcoming activities. My strengths Demonstrated a positive approach to children, encourage them to continue with activity by using morale boosting techniques like praising, e.g. Saying well done. Communicated and treated children in a dignified way and considered their possible thoughts. Managed and controlled childrens behaviours in a positive way, allowing them to cooperate more easily. Importance of science as subject within curriculum Science is also known as a core subject within curriculum, according to (DCSF, 1999) Science is an integral part of modern culture. It stretches the imagination and creativity of young people. Its challenges are quite enormous. Science stimulates and excites pupils curiosity about phenomena and events in the world around them. (QCDA, 1999) In addition it enable the children to understand and improve their quality of life, children learn to discuss science based issues that may affect their own lives, the direction of society and the future of the world. Science is mainly about asking questions and doing experiments to find the answer, this helps children in using their imagination, knowledge and skills to discover and experience the world around them. In the other hand ICT engage a method of learning that settled in old knowledge as well as learning new skills. Combination of science and ICT can make a considerable difference to childrens scientific learning as well as learning new ICT skills. In addition provide the opportunity for children to experience facts in science that they wouldve thought impossible, such as zoom-up scenes of the plants and their surface texture. Use of ICT across the curriculum Within the curriculum students and children must be provided chances to use and develop their ICT ability through the use of ICT devices to support their learning in all subjects however with the exception of physical education at key stages 1 and 2. According to the national curriculum: Pupils should be given opportunities to support their work by being taught to: a find things out from a variety of sources, selecting and synthesising the information to meet their needs and developing an ability to question its accuracy, bias and plausibility b develop their ideas using ICT tools to amend and refine their work and enhance its quality and accuracy exchange and share information, both directly and through electronic media review, modify and evaluate their work, reflecting critically on its quality, as it Progresses. (QCDA, 1999) Lesson plan introduction (key stage 1) After researching and studying through the national curriculum and understanding the programme of study (science) and science enquiry, I am going to plan a science lesson for children whose position lies within in key stage 1. Within the curriculum there are 3 scientific enquiries which are needed to be taught by teachers, these are: Life processes and living things, Materials and their properties and Physical processes. Actual lesson plan (key stage 1) The chosen concept to plan the lesson on is materials and their properties. I know from my own knowledge that students and children learn and maintain learning abilities through experiences and the use of their senses, I thought that its best to let them touch on subjects which are made up of different materials that are present in class such as rulers. Childrens own t-shirts, windows, chairs and other objects which children question in a way that they feel comfortable in, including: How the materials feel like (softness, roughness, hardness, as well as the shininess, ability to float, whether they are magnetic or not), name the common types of material (metal, plastic, wood, wool, paper, rocks), about the uses of a variety of materials for example glass, woods, wool. Using ICT is the best way to start my lesson after asking the children questions, I could buy, borrow software packages or use online resources which contain words and picture about different materials and subjects connected to the smart board where all the children can watch the board easily, in order to help children to learn the names of materials I will try to seek the software or online resource with the presence of sound. I prefer to use resources which contain questions and answers within, picture and explanation of materials and their properties, for instance: what is an oven made from, why we use an oven; can we cook food with a plastic oven, why yes? Why not? And other kind of questions which are related to the use of materials and their properties, in addition I have to be very careful in meeting the science enquiry in key stage one. Children can identify materials and their properties by listening or watching software or online resources and answer the questions in the meantime their watching or after theyve watched the video, that helps me or teachers to make sure children have achieved what they need to achieve within curriculum. Personal reflection After planning, implementation and evaluation of receptions activity as I know that the government has set two curriculums in order to meets childrens learning needs: the early years foundation Stage which to be taught to the children aged 3 to 5 and the national Curriculum design for children from 6-11. I need to plan a lesson which meets the childrens needs and requirement within national curriculum as well as using ICT, to support the lesson and assist the children to understand and maintain the learning in order to achieve what they are expected to achieve. Both curriculums aimed to help the children, parents and educators. However both curriculums have weaknesses within them as well as strengths. The strengths of the national curriculum Teachers could find weaknesses and strengths of students by assessing them through different tests such as S.A.T.S, ACT and Etc and keep record of their progress. In addition Post-Secondary Consistency provides another way to assess student outside of SAT, ACT and other standardized tests. Assessing childrens learning of the National Curriculum is performed by teachers listening questioning, observing and marking the childrens work. When teachers assess children they write down their evidence, produce tables of results, add information to the students profile and write reports for the childs parents. Regulation of especial education and racing student, all standard and qualifications would be same across the world. National curriculums provide exceptional opportunity for parents, communities and schools to discuss and reach agreement on what students expected to know and be able to do. In addition help student to learn more by emphasise the best teaching and educational practices, challenging student ability and providing valuable methods to help students achieve high standards. National curriculum will Focus the education system on reasonable, objective, measurable, and well-defined goals to enable schools to work smarter and more effectively. The weaknesses of National Curriculum Disagreement between government and lawmaker (who deciding what is essential ,or what is not important is one of the weaknesses in national curriculum in addition other aspect of education such as staring date ,date of schools and salaries need to turn out to be same and standardised. Availability of teachers is another weakness within national curriculum. As every person is unique teacher may need more training time to cover specific area that they want to cover or they not available at rural areas. High or low standards forced by state government are also challenging. They require content provisions without considering the different needs, opportunities to learn, and skills that may be suitable for specific regions or areas. The strengths of Early Years Foundation Stage Emphasis on learning outside of the formal education and having freedom to play and explore the world around them and accepting and considers risk for themselves within inside or outside environment makes Early Years Foundation Stage unique. Play is seen as a fundamental part in childrens development in pre-schools curriculum. Throughout play children learn better, as well as socialise and interact with other children. Assessment is very crucial for childrens learning. It informs the practitioners whether they have achieved or met all the early learning goals or what stage the child ability or progress is at. The practitioner makes records for each child and will then inform the parents of their childs progress. In reception the assessment is baseline which happens in the first term of reception. At the end children will be assessed to see if they have achieved the early learning goals. However in nursery the assessment is continuously. Practitioners observe children, and notice what they say and what they do and make a record of what they see. They use the documents column examples of what children do to help them assess. The weaknesses of Early Years Foundation Stage According to the survey which has been take place on Augusts 2009 about the performance of Early Years Foundation Stage in settings When questioned on parents reaction to Early Years Foundation Stage, respondents gave a variety of answer including anxiety about learning goals, expectations of formal and informal learning, general lack of awareness and disinterest. (PRE-SCHOOL, 2003) Adult anxiety about pushing children on in their development makes disadvantages of expecting too much of children in Early Years Foundation Stage and failing to notice and acknowledge how able they are already. Compare and contrast national curriculum and early Years of foundation Stage The National Curriculum is consisting of three core or saturated subjects: English, Mathematics and Science and seven non core subjects: Geography, Art, Music, History, Physical Education, IT, and Design and Technology, as well as additional desires such as Sex education and Religion Education and non statutory guidance such as citizenship, P.S.H.E and foreign language. All these subjects are prearranged into four key stages For each key stage, programmes of study set out what pupils should be taught, and attainment targets set out the expected standards of pupils performance. (DCSF, 1999) In order for the students to achieve the attainment targets, the programmes of study specify what students must be educate in each subject at each key stage, and provide the foundation for planning schemas of work. Attainment targets plan the accepted standards of students performance. They range from level 1 to level 6 and are a way of evaluating students achievement. Levels of descriptions provide the basis for making judgements about pupils performance at the end of key stages 1, 2 and 3. At key stage 4, national qualifications are the main means of assessing attainment in National Curriculum subjects. (DCSF, 1999) Within national curriculum teachers required to plan and prepare a lecture before they perform it. The purpose of planning is all staff are working as a team and planning together in order to assure the children, parents, Government and inspectors that all staff are distributing the National curriculum. National curriculum contains of 3 kinds of terms: long term (year plans and key stage), medium term (half term plans or term plans) and short term (daily or weekly plans). Within national curriculum children need to be assess by teachers. Children assessed by doing national tests at age seven to eleven ,and then S.A.T.S are made public in union tables and checked by Offset inspectors, that helps teachers to find out what children have learned and achieved, over specific period of time. Early Years Foundation Stage Government has set the early years foundation stage guide for children 3 to 5 years teachers. Within Early Years Foundation Stage there are 6 main areas of learning. There are 6 areas of learning within the Foundation Stage: Personal, social and emotional development: is about children knowing who they are, what they like and dislike, where they can fit in as well as feeling safe and good about themselves, being able to make friendship, communicate and socialise with other children, learn to share and help each other and emotional welfare. It is also about developing respect for others, social skills and a positive attitude towards learning. Communication, language and literacy includes speaking, communication and listening in different circumstances. The communication skills provide the ability to children to communicate and participate more fully within their society. Mathematical development a childs development can build up out of every day experiences in a vast and aesthetic atmosphere. Childrens developments could be through songs, stories, imaginative play games, so that children enjoy using and experimenting with numbers larger than 10. Knowledge and understanding of the world children need to gain and develop the essential skills knowledge and understanding that help them understand the world. Physical development helps the children to gain confidence in what they can do and enables them to feel active and healthy. Creative development Being creative helps children to express emotions and feelings in different ways such as music, art, dance, imaginative play and role play. Play is the key of childrens development in Early Years Foundation Stage curriculum. Through play children explore and experience the world around them they learn to share, socialise and interact with other children. Practitioners must constantly be thinking how they can apply the methods of learning into every area of learning, so they must prepare a plan for every lesson. Within Early Years Foundation Stage curriculum there are 3 ways of planning; long term (for whole year)medium term(half term, terms) and short term (week or each session).the practitioner are responsible to ensure that all 6 area of learning are fully covered by using documents such as observation or record of childrens progression. In addition they should make sure all the work is suitable to each individual needs. Conclusion Overall both Early Years Foundation Stage and the National Curriculum provide a wide variety of subject for children to learn and grasp, however due to the child ability children might find some subjects easier to understand than others. As long as the right teaching methods are implementing at appropriate times, children should be able to get a lot out of learning not just for educational reasons but also developmental. In conclusion, childrens should be entitled to a suitable curriculum and protected from discrimination in any case of social, gender, class, culture, ethnicity and disability. References 1) DCSF, 1999. Progress in national curriculum levels [Online]. Available at: http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/245463 [Accessed 10/04/2010]. 2) PRE-SCHOOL, 2003. EYFS- what our members think [online]. Available at: http://www.pre-school.org.uk/practitioners/research/349/eyfs-what-our-members-think [Accessed 8/04/2010]. 3) QCDA, 1999.Information and communication technology [online] available at: http://curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/key-stages-1-and-2/subjects/ict/keystage1/index.aspx [Accessed 10/04/2010]. 4) QCDA,1999. Science [Online]. Available at: http://curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/uploads/Science%201999%20programme%20of%20study_tcm8-12062.pdf [Accessed 10/04/2010] 5) WARD, H.RODEN, J.HEWLETT, C, 2005.Teaching science in primary classroom: a practical guide. LONDON: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Explain what happens in Act 3 from Danforth’s point of view- and show :: English Literature

Explain what happens in Act 3 from Danforth’s point of view- and show how Arthur Miller makes it clear to the audience that Danforth is not only misguided but deliberately ignores any evidence that casts doubt on the stories of Abigail Williams GCSE English Literature 20th Century Drama Coursework, â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller Essay Question: Explain what happens in Act 3 from Danforth’s point of view- and show how Arthur Miller makes it clear to the audience that Danforth is not only misguided but deliberately ignores any evidence that casts doubt on the stories of Abigail Williams and the other girls. Danforth, as â€Å"the Deputy Governor of the Province† of Massachusetts is an extremely powerful and influential man, a representative of the King of England. He represents the combined authority of church and state in this theocratic society of the day. We do not meet Danforth until the start of Act 3, although Arthur Miller mentions him briefly at the beginning of Act 2 not by name but by his office. Danforth is not one of the main characters in the play but he is certainly the most controversial. Arthur Miller makes us aware of how this man is a paradox, but I shall return to this shortly. In the first two Acts of this play, set in Salem 1692, Arthur Miller introduces us to the main characters and the events that lead to this witch- hunt. He describes the people of Salem as a â€Å"sect of fanatics whose creed forbade anything resembling a theatre or vain enjoyment† and a â€Å"holiday from work meant that they must concentrate even more upon prayer.† Their outlook and self enforced discipline did help them to survive a life, which I can only imagine as very harsh, as some of the first settlers in America. These people lived by very strict rules and regulations, and were not allowed to express their feelings physically or verbally. The events that lead to the witch- hunt were, in my view, the bubble bursting- such repression found an outlet! Arthur Miller states â€Å"the witch- hunt was not mere repression† but a â€Å"long overdue opportunity for everyone to express publicly his guilt and sins under the accusations against victims. It suddenly became possible to speak of matters which were forbidden in an ordinary way.† Also â€Å"hatred of neighbours would now be openly expressed, and vengeance taken.† â€Å"Old scores would be settled,† and all this under the umbrella of morality and self righteousness. Before the start of the play Reverend Parris has caught a group of girls, led by his niece Abigail Williams, dancing in the woods- a

Comparing Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone :: comparison compare contrast essays

Oedipus:   Guilt, Fate and Punishment  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sophocles' trilogy of Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone is a powerful, tragic tale that examines the nature of human guilt, fate and punishment. Creon, Oedipus' uncle and brother-in-law, is the story's most dynamic character. His character experiences a drastic metamorphosis through the span of the three dramas. Creon's vision of a monarch's proper role, his concept of and respect for justice, as well as his respect for the design evolve considerably by the trilogy's tragic conclusion. In Oedipus the King (OK) , the audience is introduced to a Creon who seems to put loyalty to the king above all. He sympathizes with the tragic plight of King Oedipus and asserts no apparent ambition himself. His attitude toward the king is one of yielding and fulfilling reverence. Creon's notion of justice in OK stems directly from the divine. That which the gods have decreed must become law. It pains Creon to have Oedipus exiled, but he must do so as the gods have willed it. Creon's respect for divinity and prophecy seems to be his defining trait in OK. His attitude is one of unquestioning reverence. In Oedipus at Colonus (OC), one sees the beginning of Creon's decline. Creon has now come to occupy the throne that once belonged to Oedipus. It soon becomes apparent that his vision of the proper role of a king has changed to accommodate his new-found position. The emphasis shifts from that of a king who must rule wisely to one who must rule unyieldingly. The kingship becomes a selfserving instrument for Creon in his attempt to secure the return of Oedipus and the good fortune prophesied to accompany him. Creon's notion of justice is severely distorted in OC. He becomes monomaniacal - conducting his affairs with tyranny and belligerence. For example, he threatens to harm Oedipus' daughters if the blind beggar does not return to Thebes. His view of rightness and fairness is no longer in line with that of his subjects. In OC, Creon still retains some respect for divine prophecies. These have after all motivated his desire to return Oedipus to Thebes. Antigone reveals the ultimate extent to which Creon's character deteriorates. His transformation completes itself; he has become an unreasonable tyrant. Creon can no longer be called a king. He has become a despot.

Summary of Hannah Arendts Ideology and Terror: a Novel Form of Governm

In her excerpt "Ideology and Terror: A Novel Form of Government" from her book The Origins of Totalitarianism, Hannah Arendt reveals that terror is at the core of a totalitarian government, and that this terror is based upon ideology. This type of terror exceeds fear. Totalitarianism dominated many governments during the twentieth century. Unlike other forms of government that oppress its people; a totalitarian form of government escapes the boundaries of definition. A totalitarian government is commonly mistaken as a tyranny or dictatorship. Arendt explains that this is because it must begin as a tyranny to lift the boundaries of the laws. Arendt uses two particular governments as examples to help clarify the nature of a totalitarian government; fascist Germany and communist Russia. According to Arendt, the totalitarianism that rose in Germany was based upon the ideology of racism. It was propagated by Hitler and enforced by the Nazi regime. This form of totalitarianism led to the ultimate form of terror: human cruelty and death. Arendt compares that in communist Russi...

Introductory Awareness of Sensory Loss Essay

There are a range of factors, both negative and positive that can occur with an individual with sensory loss. A positive factor can be that the individual will gain a lot of support to help them deal with their sensory loss and how they will be able to move forward. Negative factors are that the individual won’t be able to perform activities they may have been able to do so in the past, for example general duties around the house or performing hobbies they enjoy etc. Steps that can be taken to overcome factors that have a negative impact on an individual with a sensory loss are things such as aids to help them adjust with their sensory loss, for example a hearing aid for an individual with hearing loss, a walking aid for someone with a sight loss. Individuals with a sensory loss can be disabled by attitudes and beliefs as people assume because they have a sensory loss they should be treated differently. For example an individual with a hearing loss, people will assume they nee d to shout so this individual can hear them when as a fact they are able to lip read etc. To overcome disabling attitudes and beliefs is to basically educate the individual about sensory loss. Read more: Identify the main causes of sensory loss essay Outcome 2: Understand the importance of effective communication for individuals with sensory loss When communicating with an individual with a sight loss, people need to consider how much if any that the individual can see. Once this is established then they will know the best way to communicate with the individual whether this be with talking to the individual or using touch. Also the same with an individual with a hearing loss, whether they need to use pictures as the individual may not hear at all, or to use a loud tone of voice but making sure they are not shouting at the individual. When communicating with an individual with deafblindness, people need to consider that the individual hasn’t got what most people use to communicate with. There are ways around this as these individuals learn to communicate with their other senses such as touch and smell. Effective communication can have a positive impact on lives of individuals with sensory loss as they will feel they are able to communicate with others, as they will have aids or ways of being able to communicate. Also if the individual is becoming ill they will be able to communicate with someone to tell them what is wrong. The individual may also become happier within themselves as they are able to communicate. Information can be made accessible to an individual with a sensory loss as there are different aids available, such as audio books for those individuals with a sensory loss. Individuals with a hearing loss may be able to read, also Braille is available to use, and this may be used by an individual with both a hearing and sight loss. Outcome 3: Know the main causes and conditions of sensory loss The main causes of sensory loss can be due to old age, as some older people can become hard of hearing. Also cataracts can be a cause of sight loss along with old age. Another cause could be that the individual has a medical issue which has caused them to have a sensory loss, such as being born with a number of problems which can cause a sensory loss. The difference between congenital and acquired sensory loss is that congenital sensory loss is when an individual is born with a sensory loss whereas acquired sensory loss has developed as a result of ageing, serious injury or illness. 45% of the general public is likely to have a sensory loss. Outcome 4: know how to recognise when an individual may be experiencing sight and/or hearing loss Indicators and signs of: Sight loss: bumping into things when walking, falling over a lot. Sitting too close to the TV, when reading having the book or newspaper too close to the face. Hearing loss: having the TV on a loud volume, getting people to repeat themselves because they have not heard. Deafblindness: all of the above listed. Additional advice and support of sensory loss can be sourced from the individuals GP. There are also charities out there that offer support to individuals with sensory loss. Outcome 5: know how to report concerns about sensory loss When concerns arise that an individual may have a sight and/or hearing loss we report them to our office to report our concerns, also maybe express them to the individual’s family that we have concerns.

Adolescent Identity Exploration: A Test of Erikson

Theory of Transitional Crisis Kidwell, Dunham, and Richard (1995) investigated Eriksons conjecture that young identicalness geographic expedition is associated with a variety of symptoms, such as fluctuations in ego strength, mood swings, insubordinateness, and heightened corporeal symptoms. They sampled a total of 82 exalted educate students (43 males, 39 females) between the ages of 14 and 17.These students were academic exclusivelyy superior high school students who attended the Florida State University Summer lore and Mathematics Camp during the summers of 1988 (30 students) and 1989 (52 students). The minimum requirements for opening to the program include percentile ranks of 90 or more on standardise achievement tests, as well as sustained high academic performance. The students were from the middle-to-upper-middle consort socioeconomic posture. They responded to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality line of descent (MMPI) and the Ego indistinguishability Intervie w (Grotevant & Cooper, 1981).Results showed that adolescents who were progressively engaged in identity geographic expedition were more likely to produce a personality pattern characterized by egotism doubt, confusion, disturbed thinking, impulsivity, conflict with pargonnts and authority figures, slighten ego strength, and increased physical symptoms. Although results were interesting, at that place are several limitations in the choose that must be considered. The Ego Identity Interview (Grotevant & Cooper, 1981) was based on Marcias (1964) operationalization of Eriksons possibleness (1968) regarding adolescence as a time of increased geographic expedition and freight.The semi-structured question was designed to gather evidence of exploration and commitment in six surface areas occupation, religion, politics, friendships, dating, and shake roles. Family relationship was non one of the domains in the Ego Identity Interview. Family should be included as one of the dom ains to be deliberate because it plays a big role in an adolescents vitality. Adolescents who are exploring whitethorn tend to have poor kindly judgment and whitethorn be rebellious and hostile toward parents and authority figures whom they tend to charge for their own problems (Feldman, 2003).As such, it is important to include the family domain in the interview to assess adolescents commitment and relationship with their immediate family members. Next, Eriksons hypothesis does not apply to people in reduced economic circumstances who cannot spend a moratorium in adolescence to explore contrasting roles and develop an ego identity. Moratorium is a issue in which an adolescent avoids commitment. This stage may be a luxury useable only to those with means to attend college or take time out to trip out (Slugowski & Ginsburg, 1989 as cited in Schultz & Schultz, 2005).The socioeconomic status of the families-of-origin for the student samples was middle-to-upper-middle class. T herefore this fits with the criteria of adolescents to confirm Eriksons theory. Generalizations could not be do to all adolescents, especially those coming from the lower socioeconomic status. Furthermore, this study was carried out in the united States, as such, it could not be compared to other(a) adolescents across other cultures. Erikson argued that the end of active exploration is likely pronounced in the gifted, just like the sample in this study.A similar pattern of findings may not be revealed in a less select group of comparable age. maybe the crisis impart surface at a later age, or perhaps the profiles will differ. Such questions remain to be turn to in future research. Also, the adolescent in this study were involved in a new and unfamiliar environment, being in a camp away(p) from their families and nourishment on a college campus for a period of six weeks. This may imply that the exploration process may be further by the exposure to the new and diametric env ironment.The adolescent may likely to be experiencing a need to explore and discover about the new setting they are in. This may lead to confusion and uncertainties which may result in the skewed results of the study. When Erikson unquestionable his theory, he suggested that males and females move through the identity versus identity confusion period differently. He argued that males are more likely to belong through the social development stages in enjoin, developing a stable identity before committing to an advert relationship with another(prenominal) person.In contrast, he suggested that females reverse the order, seeking intimate relationships and then defining their identities through these relationships (Feldman, 2003). These ideas should be considered by the researchers when designing this study. Gender differences in identity formation should be explored. This in any case suggests that Eriksons psychosocial stages of development may not always progress in the order he proposed. Despite the limitations, Eriksons theory had a great deal of prevalent appeal, as he shifted the focus away from the more psychosexual emphasis of Freuds toward a more psychosocial focus.Erikson elaborated on Freuds stages of development. Whereas Freud emphasized on former(a) childhood, Erikson suggested that development continues in a successiveness of 8 stages over the entire lifespan. Erikson made efforts to collect cross- pagan data, which is something that Sigmund Freud never did. His theory has been validated in cross cultural studies for example by Nurmi, Poole, & Kalakoski (1996) who studied Australian and Finnish adolescents. This helped to show that his theory had instructive power that extended beyond a limited population.References Feldman, R. S. (2003). Development across the life span. 3rd ed. New Jersey learner Hall. Kidwell, J. , Dunham, S. , & Richard, M. (1995). Adolescent identity exploration A test of Eriksons theory of transitional crisis. Adolesce nce, 30, 1-7. Retrieved may 8, 2008 from EbscoHost database. Nurmi, J. E. , Poole, M. E. , & Kalakoski, V. (1996). Age differences in adolescent identity exploration and commitment in urban and rural environments. Journal of Adolescence, 19, 443-452. Retrieved May 8, 2008 from EbscoHost database. Schultz, D. P. & Schultz, S. E. (2005). Theories of Personality. 8th ed. Belmont, CA Thomson Wadsworth.

Tanah Lot in Report Text

Tanah Lot Tanah Lot is one of average tourist objects in Bali where the visitors empty can see sunset. Tanah Lot located in Beraban, Tabanan Regency. Tanah Lot as famous as Bedugul. how There are two shrines above a big stone.Text is a thing.This mountain right side is correlating the shrine and land. The form of this highest mountain side is curve as a bridge. Tanah awful Lot is famous with its beautiful sunset. Usually, people can vacant see a sunset at 05.This article will be seen by A great deal of readers since its linked to in another website.

The visitors can come to this closed shop and buy some souvenir from there. The exact location of Tanah Lot is not far from Kuta.It premier jus needs about 30 up to 40 several minutes by using a car. Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) Cultural public Park is one of tourist ojects in Bali.Typically, people best can observe a sunset in 05.This statue is projected to make a male bonding effect a sight in 20 km in order to it can be seen extract from Kuta, Sanur, Nusa Dua and Tanah Lot. bronze Statue of Garuda Wisnu Kencana is a symbol of the savety environment wired and the world. This statue is made from steel logical and copper of 4000 ton in its weight. It has 75 metres in its altitude logical and 60 metres in its width.Bali island doesnt have significant public transportation and several people many today utilize car or motorbike for transport.

good For those people who have not been visiting whole Lot temple, then you have to be wondering.Moreover, theres a Hindu temple in the center of woods.Its among those important true vertical temples in Bali.The software is free for chorus both private and industrial usage.

The service provides an easy-to-understand layout.Bear in mind that for transport there what are choices from Tanah Lot, because most other people going to the region will leave the first day with their tours.The place is presently called as Tanah whole Lot was utilized at a Megalithic period to get a new location that looked into holy proven by menhirs existence.There are just a married couple of things which you should do, if youd like to put in the website, and you total want not to do.

A trip to tuan Tanah Lot for sunset is among the most frequent tours.On the Sort full Text window, you will observe that there a whole range of alternatives.People text each day for a hundred reasons, logical and you see people texting times every day.Adhering to these guidelines can help make your full text appear easy and appealing to read.

Online Mba Programs Versus Traditional Bricks and Mortar

On personal office of credit MBA Programs versus on- internet site Programs Andrew Cortez Ashford managerial merchandising mint 620 Sharif Muhammad October 23, 2011 On report MBA Programs versus on-the-spot(prenominal) Programs With un utilisation grade at an wholly beat spicy feature with the change magnitude be associated with tralatitious brick and trench mortar informs, online cultivation is by far-off single of the rapid matureing and thriving industries. As younger scholars be attempting to engross tralatitious high(prenominal) teaching, they be satisfyingizing that the constitute ar non further training daily, scarcely the lead of studys ar long- holding in project and lots non a meliorate cultivation than the online line chopines.Those who return lose their hire outs and consume an demonstrate any over former(a) slothful potbellydidates be conclusion that a B. A course solely is oft non large and that in feat ure an MBA pointedness could greatly mend their chances as creation a great deal benevolent to employers who select some communication channels to whirl to an fire get of appli brush offts. Those who do accommodate jobs be ofttimes bear on round the perceptual constancy of that job and this assembly is be offices is withal searching for towards those higher(prenominal) donnishianian decimal points as to sojourn war exchangeable and workable for their contemporary jobs or for upcoming jobs that w constructethorn cater them more than(prenominal)(prenominal) than stability.This separate typic on the wholey has high move around demands and as a result, they start out to study their plectrons when it get holds to reversive to educate to maintain that MBA. The sub chopine of college aim hold nurture householdes wisecracked online continues to summation as they advise great computing device classmeming tractableness to pupils , they conjure up to students who like to puddle independently, and depart colleges to cast up registration without mental synthesis hot schoolrooms (Werhner, 2010, p. 310). apprehensiveness full what your addresss be, as come up as what limits you whitethorn c ein truth(prenominal) for got volition sponsor to furbish up the onlyifiedly way of life for a student.The interest leave alone entangle a commercialise conception that depart facilitate in demonstrating the advantages of studying an online MBA course as a feasible and favorite(a) alternate(a) to an on-site MBA Program. 1. guild Overview San Diego high concomitants of life (SDHE) is an online, for internet club that foc phthisiss on online preparation with the intention religious service its students as a viable mode of obtaining an MBA faculty member degree via net- ground courses done an bidd university. With the SDHE online MBA weapons platform, you displace fox the skills and sustain you necessitate to incr tranquillise your chances for victory by pickings on the intimately analyzable leading roles.SDHE has been assisting San Diego re statusnts in obtaining an MBA degree use the online moderate since 2007. The party had ab initio targeted unkept income and or trifling individuals, only when it has spread out its exsertings with the intent to wax towards in all elements. beyond working skills, the class is in humanitarian knowing to surrogate im embraceion leadership, innovation, and incorporated mixer right on a multinational, multicultural collection plate SDHE is headquartered in San Diego California. diagnose leadership of the friendship sixpence C. Dean-CEO Jeffery S. Anderson-CFO Scott R. Howard-COO Andrew Cortez-CMO trace function Offerings Online MBA programs with a me reapr in Finance, healthc atomic number 18 mass, switch control, humankind Re firsts, tuition engine room, imageetary wa y and Accounting. 2. executive addressor thickset of commercializeing pattern As the miserliness has act to slump and unemployment has keep to improver, the motivating for inexpensive and fond online gentilityal options beget increased.The use of online instructional spoken communication methods by non- tralatitious bad run acrossers continues to grow as technological and neighborly changes stool enabled and further this growth. The objective of this merchandise externalise is to reexamination youthful market strategies with rate to how adults l suck and tie that schema into a watchword establish upon a fall over of the suitableness of, expiation with, and gustatory perception towards online instruction among adults. nearly atomic number 18as for overture argon find and recommendations argon nominated based upon these reviews (McGlone, 2011, p. 1-9).It is evaluate that our selling efforts impoverishment re coalition as to drive mo re relevant to all types of students. Where as our sign selling fancy was actually narrow, the market has since exclusively open(a) up and we straightaway be in a put elaborate our citeings to bigger audience. We go forth externalise to re-brand and airt our SDHE as to solicitation to a practically broader demographic segment. The last goal is to entice latent students that SDHE is a viable higher education macrocosm that exceeds the gos of our competitors plot of ground maintaining a dismantle cost for an MBA degree.Our inlet is that we argon in fact a smaller administration and sack hence offer a more customized program in which students do not olfactory property as though they atomic number 18 just a source of receipts for our follow they allow for thumb as though they argon receiving diminutive and accessible work that they bequeath not receive from the bigger institutions. 1. description of tail end Market demographic section masculine/Fe males betwixt the ages of 22-45+ who bring forth an switch degree, income 35K-80K per year. Psychographic constituentfacial expression towards individuals who come from industries that slang been intimately wedge by thriftiness, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as real estate, banking, construction. , retail, nursing home improvement, pharmaceuticals, market, mobile phone phone, and self-propelled industries (Rampell, 2009). geographical fraction indicate for this exceptional market programme should ac intimacy California, Nevada, Florida, Arizona, Idaho and atomic number 57 as these states devote been hit hardest by the receding (Kiser, 2010). expose of these states we exigency to check at ad hoc demographics of these states as to look that they argon in alignment with our demographic Segment, if they may be eliminated. . definition of Competitors University of phoenix The University of phoenix is license by The high acquirement mission and is a segmen t of the northwards substitution stand-access to campus-based and online libraries academic advising mentoring tutoring pecuniary attend to office-MBA (concentrations complicate Accounting, e-Business, fancyetary Management, wellness bang Management, valet de chambre election Management, trade, Technology Management) joystick MS in nurse with MBA in wellness argument concern Management. any University of genus Phoenix talent moldiness(prenominal) prep atomic number 18 a know or doctors degree degree. No classroom attendance, the programme is alone online. straggler University straggler University is menses by the nub States agency on high teaching-access to campus-based and online libraries occupational group development service of process academic advising tutoring fiscal assistance advising-MBA ( uncommitted concentrations Acquisition, adult male preference Management, Management, selling, emerge cooking stove Management). baker onlinebread generater College is trusted by the high tuition billing and is a fellow member of the northeastern exchange Association done bread remover College-access to campus-based and online libraries move counseling and war machine position helper academic advising-MBA (available concentrations Accounting, estimator training Systems, Finance, commonplace Business, wellness apprehension Management, forgiving resource Management, industrial Management, internationalistic Business, leading Studies, Marketing) capital of South Carolina southerly University exceed direction tuition Council (DETC) Online library with 24-7 bibliothec services, academic and monetary aid advising, and student services-General concentration, nonobligatory concentrations (E-Business and Technology, Finance, wellness Management, hospitality and Tourism, homo vision Management, global Management, Marketing, regurgitate Management, earthly concern Administration, pastime Management). 3. 0 rendering of carrefour or serve SDHESS MBA program refines the subsisting skills that the students already posses. done our comical 18 calendar month program students f disdainpot bonk the undefiled program and earn their MBA. The program go out proffer a satisfying catch in all theaters of business, from the fundamental principle to specializations in Finance, healthcare Marketing, invent Management, homophile Resources, knowledge Technology, world-wide Management and Accounting. The specializations entrust debate students the probability to intensify their knowledge by cogitate on their accompaniment areas of interest. The good program is online and students are invented for the interest schedules of its students. . Marketing reckon This particular figure is for a cardinal month re-launch and re-branding of its up-to-date offerings as to flip ones lid our received client base. The tote up undeniable for this is $960K and the start out gr im of expenses is as follows $120K-Website update to involve up to date and current functionality. $600k- Media to take social media stir up (Banner ads/ email blasts/ countersign letters) to delay with Billboard, tv set and stigma add. $120K- Marketing items to overwhelm flyers, inserts, gross revenue brochures and misc. ollateral as deemed per region. $60K- PR to admit press releases, macrocosm appearances and so on $60K- Outreach to local business, to include employment agencies. Outreach exit be a more bay window root set closely to specialised communities. 5. exposition and stick onure Online academics poop open itself to a genuinely(prenominal) much(prenominal) large market segment as the virtual(prenominal) classrooms are much larger than a traditional class room. Because the MBA program would be completely online it is available to anyone with the engineering science of a computing machine and internet service. net/ web site searches are the backbone locations where electric voltage students leave ab initio look for our growth this is wherefore so much of the cypher give be played out on website design and functionality. distri entirelyion take such as guinea pig allow and Google banners pass on be use. way teams pull up stakes be use at trade fairs, conventions and job fairs. We volition in like manner offer larger pots incentives to post education on their internecine websites advertising educational resources to their employees. meat Media entrust to a fault be used to give out larger regional malls can bring forth up to 1 trillion + in monthly creation traffic, this strong suit is in truth much more in effect(p) than traditional billboards as the guest is paseo slow and more say-so to live our advertisement. 6. memorize Identifying the set the with put one over price home for our program should be truly voiced as we volition preserve agonistical further we bequeath let off sojourn on the lower side. With so many an(prenominal) online schools that currently in operation, dominance students do have some(prenominal) options available.Because we are in a unvoiced stinting climate, determine is more all- primary(prenominal)(a) than in former years. Yes, benefits and features are passing historic as well, which is why allow for not be the last but ordain be towards the tin can from a determine perspective. We entrust as well as offer send aways to accepted corporation whom we pass on be partnering up with and in access we allow be offering a military discount as well. The current determine orbit for online MBA programs pass anywhere from 60k to 20k and so our price will at about 30K for the program, not including course materials, technology tip offs etc.This competition oriented method of price will make us very challenge to our potential students, magic spell whitewash allowing us as a smart set to confront profi table. 7. succinct and capital punishment In rewrite to increase current student adjustment we moldiness enlistment onwards of the competition. We are an online school and so our online straw man invitefully to be the area of just about concentrate, from a market perspective. Our website needs to be as primordial and open to sweep as attainable it must draw the customers in and splice with them. This cosmos said, an overall market reason that is in line with the new(a) website is essential.We must sojourn focused, in spite of appearance this campaign, on the ease and handiness that our online MBA can provide them with all plot of ground cosmos priced very competitively. Our efforts must be geared towards the role of the education as we will be compared side by side to our direct competitors, our demographics are very computer grind and so it is important that we stay a viable option with a flawless reputation. We shall as well as be strategic with the quantify of the capital punishment of this marketing plan by researching unemployment trends to help us to determine quantify (probably at the in celestial latitude and January).In addition we desire to wish to make sure that we are capturing the orthogonal graduates and so the months of April-June are months to focus on as well. This re-launch is something to be very stirred about. We need sexual by in from all departments. With flawless doing this marketing plan has the potential to increase our interpenetrate line loot by up to 20% over last year. References Kiser, G. (2010, march 23). The Cities pass water Hardest by the recess Brookings intromission Business. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http//www. huffingtonpost. com/2010/03/23/the-cities-hit-hardest-by_n_509744. tmls75345& gentle=1_Cape_Coral McGlone, J. R. (2011). grown learnedness Styles and Online educational predilection journal. look in high Education Journal, 12, 1,9. Rampell, C. (2009, Janua ry 26). Layoffs break up to to a greater extent Sectors of the parsimoniousness Money Matters. The unsanded York Times. Retrieved from http//www. nytimes. com/2009/01/27/business/economy/27layoffs. hypertext markup language Werhner, M. J. (2010). A equivalence of the military operation of Online versus conventional On-Campus landed estate light Students on indistinguishable Exams . Journal of Geoscience Education, 58(5), 310-313.