Definition and Examples of the Bandwagon Fallacy

Bandwagon is a  fallacy based on the assumption that the opinion of the majority is always valid: that is, everyone believes it, so you should too. It is also called an appeal to popularity, the authority of the many, and argumentum ad populum  (Latin for appeal to the people).  Argumentum  ad populum proves only that a belief is popular, not that its true. The fallacy occurs, says Alex Michalos in  Principles of Logic, when the appeal is offered in place of a convincing argument for the view in question. Examples Carling Lager, Britains Number One Lager (advertising slogan)The Steak Escape. Americas Favorite Cheesesteak (advertising slogan)[Margaret] Mitchell enhanced the GWTW [Gone With the Wind] mystique by never publishing another novel. But who would be so churlish as to want more? Read it. Ten million (and counting) Americans cant be wrong, can they? (John Sutherland, How to be Well Read. Random House, 2014) Hasty Conclusions Appeals to popularity are basically hasty conclusion fallacies. The data concerning the popularity of the belief are simply not sufficient to warrant accepting the belief. The logical error in an appeal to popularity lies in its inflating the value of popularity as evidence. (James Freeman [1995), quoted by Douglas Walton in  Appeal to Popular Opinion. Penn State Press, 1999) Majority Rules The majority opinion is valid most of the time. Most people believe that tigers do not make good household pets and that toddlers shouldnt drive...Nonetheless, there are times when the majority opinion is not valid, and following the majority will set one off track. There was a time when everyone believed the world was flat and a more recent time when the majority condoned slavery. As we gather new information and our cultural values change, so too does the majority opinion. Therefore, even though the majority is often right, the fluctuation of the majority opinion implies that a logically valid conclusion cannot be based on the majority alone. Thus, even if the majority of the country did support going to war with Iraq, the majority opinion is not sufficient for determining whether the decision was correct. (Robert J. Sternberg, Henry L. Roediger, and Diane F. Halpern, Critical Thinking in Psychology, Cambridge University Press, 2007) Everyones Doing It The fact that Everyones doing it is frequently appealed to as a reason why people feel morally justified in acting in less than ideal ways. This is particularly true in business matters, where competitive pressures often conspire to make perfectly upright conduct seem difficult if not impossible. The Everyones doing it claim usually arises when we encounter a more or less prevalent form of behavior that is morally undesirable because it involves a practice that, on balance, causes harm people would like to avoid. Although it is rare that literally everyone else is engaged in this behavior, the Everyones doing it claim is meaningfully made whenever a practice is widespread enough to make ones own forbearing from this conduct seem pointless or needlessly self-destructive. (Ronald M Green, When Is Everybodys Doing It a Moral Justification? ​Moral Issues in Business, 13th ed., edited by William H Shaw and Vincent Barry, Cengage, 2016)​ Presidents and Polls As George Stephanopoulos wrote in his memoir, Mr. [Dick] Morris lived by a 60 percent rule: If 6 out of 10 Americans were in favor of something, Bill Clinton had to be, too... The nadir of Bill Clintons presidency was when he asked Dick Morris to poll on whether he should tell the truth about Monica Lewinsky. But by that point he had already turned the ideal of the presidency upside down, letting arithmetic trump integrity as he painted his policies, principles and even his family vacations by the numbers. (Maureen Dowd, Addiction to Addition, The New York Times, April 3, 2002)

Customer Service Representative For Manufacturing 2014 Essay

I am seeking the position of Production Supervisor for Stark Corporation in San Antonio, TX - listed on Indeed.com Objective Statement With 20 years’ experience and dedication within Production, Product Assembly, Customer Service, and Engineering as a Manufacturing - Quality Engineer and Supervisor I am capable and determined to use my Talents, Accountability, Teamwork, Management Skills and Engineering Abilities to deliver business results and to continuously improve the Manufacturing Quality Processes and Customer Satisfaction. Skills Workflow Analysis ISO 9001, 13485 FDA Regulations Operations Management Customer Relations GMP, Quality Assurance Audits Six Sigma, TQM Lean Manufacturing Supply Chain Strategies - Management Performance Optimization Analytical Creative Problem Solving Work Experience Xytronics – San Antonio, TX Customer Service Representative for Manufacturing 2014 - 2015 †¢ Provided quotes for electronic assemblies using pricing structures that allowed for greater profit. †¢ Encouraged cross -functional team leadership with manufacturing, engineering and customers to overcome difficulties with supply, production and quality of electronic assemblies eliminating downtime consequently increasing â€Å"on time† shipments by 10%. YOH LLC Contractor for Boeing – San Antonio, TX Operations Analyst for Manufacturing 2011 - 2013 †¢ Evaluated production needs and performance standards by providingShow MoreRelatedAssignment 1 send 29 09 2014863 Words   |  4 Pages   Assignment-1 Cost Concept-29-09-2014 Question 1: Cost drivers and functions: The list of representative cost drivers in the right column below are randomized with respect to the list of functions in the left column. That is, they do not match. Function Representative Cost Driver 1. 2. 3. 4. A. Number of invoices sent B. Number of purchase orders C. Number of Research scientists D. Hours of computer processing unit (CPU) E. Number of new hires F. Number of transaction processed Accounting PersonnelRead MoreThe Strategies Of Jasper Group On Marketing And Community Outreach989 Words   |  4 Pagescommunity outreach. Marketing is the action of promoting and selling of products and or services, including market research and advertising (Oxford Dictionary, 2016). 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The Concept of the Political Free Essays

As a counterterrorism officer my moral duty is to protect the residents of my state from terrorism attacks and the national security of US. Therefore, I am under no obligation but to ensure I fulfill the role that I have been assigned. I am the senior counterterrorism officer in California State where there is a high percentage of Arab American citizens and immigrants. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of the Political or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus over the last couple of decades it has been difficult to detect terrorists. Furthermore, infiltrating such a community has proved to be difficult thereby providing a loophole for the increase in terrorist activities. Infiltrating the Arab American Community To curb this demise I will commission FBI agents to act as my spies by posing as Muslim worshippers in the California mosques. This decision may be perceived as a violation of human rights and the freedom of privacy enjoyed by other citizens. However, in the actual fact this initiative is among the criminal responsibilities that are bestowed on counterterrorism officer. Moreover, it is a counterintelligence activity that ensures protection of the US national security by providing important information to the FBI body and the government. The rights to perform counterintelligence activities have been governed by the National security of 1947 which was amended in 2004 by the establishment of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act. Furthermore, the commissioned FBI agents will not commit any wrong doing offences (Uwe, 2007). I will also employ informant to live amongst the community. The informant will mainly be ex-US military officers whose credentials are remarkable and stimulate the required standards. I prefer using ex-military officers because they are competent, trained to serve the nation thus will thoroughly understand the importance of their assignment and the need for them to keep their identity in discretion. The agents will regularly be monitored to prevent the development of discrepancy behaviors against ethical and moral norms. I will also make use of biometric fingerprint procedure for all travelers leaving and entering the California state. It may be argued that this tactic will detain people unnecessarily thereby wasting their time and subjecting them to measures and challenges that are unjustifiable. However, the initiative will enable the California Homeland Security Department to prevent identity theft, use of fraudulent documents and terrorists from gaining access to the state thus enhancing the national security and safety of California residents (Schmitt, 2007). The Status, Rights and Protections offered to Culprits of Terrorism In an attempt of increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of counterterrorism an executive order authorizing the interrogation and trial of foreign terrorist suspects and illegal combatants by a special military tribunal was passed in 2001. Therefore, an ex-American citizen captured in the United States in the act of terrorism should be considered as an illegal enemy combatant. Thus I would not hesitate to hand the culprit to the jurisdiction of the military commission of the United States, an act that will be in accordance with the (Military Commissions Act (MCA) of 2006 that was passed by the Congress introducing the concept of illegal combatant into US legislation. Furthermore, the concept of illegal combatant enemies has been accepted by other nations who have willingly handed over their sovereignty in this context to the US (Gill Sliedregt, 2005). The establishment of the above legislations withdrew all the protections that were accorded to ex-American citizens. The same applies to foreign nationals caught engaging in terrorism in US, American citizens fighting American forces abroad and foreign nationals that are non-military officials fighting American forces abroad. The above are all illegal combatant enemies of the state and thus also deserve to be tried before the jurisdiction of the military commission without the provision of Habeas corpus rights. The Habeas Corpus is a provision given to detained culprits to appeal for their release incase of being detained unlawfully. The above subjects are liable to torture in the event of collecting information that would increase the efficiency of the government and military to provide the US state national security. Therefore, I would fully support the idea of implementing torture as a method of extracting useful information to such culprits in an attempt of protecting the California residents (US Congress Joint Resolution, 2001). Perspectives Concerning Just War Just war is perpetuated by states in an attempt of protecting themselves from aggressive attack from other nations. However, for just war to be justifiable it should be used as a last resort problem of solving the conflict that exists that is after all non-violent mechanisms of resolving conflicts are exhausted. Just wars should only be perpetuated by bodies that are recognized by the society as legitimate. A just war should be initiated if the presumed end results are beneficial where its success is guaranteed to prevent death and suffering of innocent people in accordance to moral vices. The death of civilians can only be justified if they were accidentally killed by being in the vicinity of the military targets. Therefore, just wars should initiate long lasting peace between the nations that were under conflict. Furthermore, states are not supposed to use force when initiating just wars and in instances where such force must be implemented it should not exceed the injury or suffering caused. The war on terrorism can thus be classified as a just war because it adheres to the above principles. However, it can cease to be a just war if its goal is to spread terror, subject war on a non-state organization and if it aims at killing and hurting civilians (Fotion, 2007). Anti Americanism involves the negative aspect that individuals and state have over the political, economic, social and cultural values of US. Anti Americanism has adversely affected the national security of US due to introduction of foreign hostility towards the US state for instance terrorism, thus curbing the effective attainment of stipulated US policy goals. Anti Americanism also affects the ability of US to conduct businesses abroad. This is unethical and thus not justifiable therefore individuals that perpetuate the stimulation of violent acts against the American state should be held accountable for their actions and thus are liable to stand trial before the military commission. The US government has a right to protect the national security of the country by dealing with schools, mosques and charities that indirectly support terrorism while actually not directly engaging in the terrorism activities. The government prosecutes such individuals or organization with the aim of eliminating the terrorism concept and support that the individuals and organizations offer (US Congress Joint Resolution, 2001). USA PATRIOT Act The enactment of the USA PATRIOTIC ACT after the 9/11 attack has substantially reduced terrorism in United States because the surveillance and investigating powers of the US law enforcement officers was increased especially with respect to internet use. However, if I were in Congress I would vote for the renewal of the Act to amend it. This is because the Act was enacted in haste without being subjected to Congress debate and house report to declare the consent of Senators. This fact resulted to the omission of a balance between civil liberty and stipulated legislations (US Congress Joint Resolution, 2001). Word Count: 1190 Reference List Fotion, N. (2007). War and Ethics: Just War Theory. New York: Continuum. Gill, T. Sliedregt, E. (2005). Guantanamo Bay: A Reflection on the Legal Status and Rights of Unlawful Enemy Combatants. The Utrecht Law Review, 1 (1). Retrieved on July, 6th, 2009 from http://www. utrechtlawreview. org. Schmitt, C. (2007). The Concept of the Political. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. U. S. Congress Joint Resolution (2001). Authorization for Use of Military Force. Public Law, 107(40), 115 Stat. 224. Uwe. S. (2007). On the Ethics of War and Terrorism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. How to cite The Concept of the Political, Papers

Talent Management †a Buzzword in Corporate Hr Today free essay sample

Not surprising to know, 60-70% of the Indian CEOs spend their time in strategising talent recruitment and retention (according to a BTI study). The next obvious question that our mind poses is â€Å"Why? † The scope of corporate HR has much widened since the 1990s, from the mundane activities of just hiring and paying the workmen, to the ‘strategic HR’ activities like training the recruitees as well. Restructuring the organisation (e. g. , some companies moved from centralised to decentralised organisational structure) has led to the restructuring of the job roles and concentrating on compensation management too, with equal importance. The learning management systems to manage the learning and keeping track of competency paths of all the employees in the organisation is one such advancement, typical to the strategic HR function, alongwith the Applicant Tracking System, and Compensation system in the list. Having entered an intriguing area as this, the question that pricks is â€Å"Are we still in the strategic HR function days? † Today the recruiters are not bothered on how to acquire talent; they are bothered to make a cost effective and more efficient ‘competency based recruitment system’. We will write a custom essay sample on Talent Management – a Buzzword in Corporate Hr Today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Acquiring talent is easier today than retaining the talent. Today the Learning and Development department is not bothered on how to train the employees; they are bothered about filling the competency needs of their employees for the future needs as well, in addition to the present. The CEOs are concerned about succession planning and finding ways to hone and up-bring the existing talent pool, laying greener pastures for the organisation tomorrow. Thus we own all rights to say that today we are in the â€Å"Talent Management era† and that strategic management perspective has just become old. HR function has moved all the way from a ‘Business function’ to ‘Business partner’, to what is called ‘Business integration’ today. Process improvements for efficiency and effectiveness, competency management, performance management, and succession planning top the priority list of activities in organisations in this era. Effectiveness and efficiency comes only when we have appropriate talent pool at place, hence managing the talent is becoming very vital activity. Walking on the paths of Mr. Jack Welch, to be #1 or #2 in the industry, every organisation is trying to knock out the other in every aspect from ‘product’ to ‘people’. Competition has increased tremendously and hence the demand for right talent! The industry has thus turned a hot cake for employees, where they have numerous avenues to go (unlike in the past), if they do not receive the â€Å"asset like treatment† in the existing organisation. It has become two- sided, wherein the employee is benefitted in terms of â€Å"growth in career and competencies† and the organisation gets his services in return. If not taken care of appropriately, then he walks out. Talent retention is thus, one very important motive of talent management, apart from the core objective of taming the talent for surviving in the industry. Last but not the unimportant, in today’s context the organisations brand image goes the way it treats and nurtures its people. From the business perspective, its seems apt to conclude with what Mr. Tufan Ghosh, the CEO of Columbia Asia Hospitals, says – â€Å"If you do not get your people right, chances are you wont get anything else right†!