Definition and Examples of the Bandwagon Fallacy

Bandwagon is a  fallacy based on the assumption that the opinion of the majority is always valid: that is, everyone believes it, so you should too. It is also called an appeal to popularity, the authority of the many, and argumentum ad populum  (Latin for appeal to the people).  Argumentum  ad populum proves only that a belief is popular, not that its true. The fallacy occurs, says Alex Michalos in  Principles of Logic, when the appeal is offered in place of a convincing argument for the view in question. Examples Carling Lager, Britains Number One Lager (advertising slogan)The Steak Escape. Americas Favorite Cheesesteak (advertising slogan)[Margaret] Mitchell enhanced the GWTW [Gone With the Wind] mystique by never publishing another novel. But who would be so churlish as to want more? Read it. Ten million (and counting) Americans cant be wrong, can they? (John Sutherland, How to be Well Read. Random House, 2014) Hasty Conclusions Appeals to popularity are basically hasty conclusion fallacies. The data concerning the popularity of the belief are simply not sufficient to warrant accepting the belief. The logical error in an appeal to popularity lies in its inflating the value of popularity as evidence. (James Freeman [1995), quoted by Douglas Walton in  Appeal to Popular Opinion. Penn State Press, 1999) Majority Rules The majority opinion is valid most of the time. Most people believe that tigers do not make good household pets and that toddlers shouldnt drive...Nonetheless, there are times when the majority opinion is not valid, and following the majority will set one off track. There was a time when everyone believed the world was flat and a more recent time when the majority condoned slavery. As we gather new information and our cultural values change, so too does the majority opinion. Therefore, even though the majority is often right, the fluctuation of the majority opinion implies that a logically valid conclusion cannot be based on the majority alone. Thus, even if the majority of the country did support going to war with Iraq, the majority opinion is not sufficient for determining whether the decision was correct. (Robert J. Sternberg, Henry L. Roediger, and Diane F. Halpern, Critical Thinking in Psychology, Cambridge University Press, 2007) Everyones Doing It The fact that Everyones doing it is frequently appealed to as a reason why people feel morally justified in acting in less than ideal ways. This is particularly true in business matters, where competitive pressures often conspire to make perfectly upright conduct seem difficult if not impossible. The Everyones doing it claim usually arises when we encounter a more or less prevalent form of behavior that is morally undesirable because it involves a practice that, on balance, causes harm people would like to avoid. Although it is rare that literally everyone else is engaged in this behavior, the Everyones doing it claim is meaningfully made whenever a practice is widespread enough to make ones own forbearing from this conduct seem pointless or needlessly self-destructive. (Ronald M Green, When Is Everybodys Doing It a Moral Justification? ​Moral Issues in Business, 13th ed., edited by William H Shaw and Vincent Barry, Cengage, 2016)​ Presidents and Polls As George Stephanopoulos wrote in his memoir, Mr. [Dick] Morris lived by a 60 percent rule: If 6 out of 10 Americans were in favor of something, Bill Clinton had to be, too... The nadir of Bill Clintons presidency was when he asked Dick Morris to poll on whether he should tell the truth about Monica Lewinsky. But by that point he had already turned the ideal of the presidency upside down, letting arithmetic trump integrity as he painted his policies, principles and even his family vacations by the numbers. (Maureen Dowd, Addiction to Addition, The New York Times, April 3, 2002)

Customer Service Representative For Manufacturing 2014 Essay

I am seeking the position of Production Supervisor for Stark Corporation in San Antonio, TX - listed on Indeed.com Objective Statement With 20 years’ experience and dedication within Production, Product Assembly, Customer Service, and Engineering as a Manufacturing - Quality Engineer and Supervisor I am capable and determined to use my Talents, Accountability, Teamwork, Management Skills and Engineering Abilities to deliver business results and to continuously improve the Manufacturing Quality Processes and Customer Satisfaction. Skills Workflow Analysis ISO 9001, 13485 FDA Regulations Operations Management Customer Relations GMP, Quality Assurance Audits Six Sigma, TQM Lean Manufacturing Supply Chain Strategies - Management Performance Optimization Analytical Creative Problem Solving Work Experience Xytronics – San Antonio, TX Customer Service Representative for Manufacturing 2014 - 2015 †¢ Provided quotes for electronic assemblies using pricing structures that allowed for greater profit. †¢ Encouraged cross -functional team leadership with manufacturing, engineering and customers to overcome difficulties with supply, production and quality of electronic assemblies eliminating downtime consequently increasing â€Å"on time† shipments by 10%. YOH LLC Contractor for Boeing – San Antonio, TX Operations Analyst for Manufacturing 2011 - 2013 †¢ Evaluated production needs and performance standards by providingShow MoreRelatedAssignment 1 send 29 09 2014863 Words   |  4 Pages   Assignment-1 Cost Concept-29-09-2014 Question 1: Cost drivers and functions: The list of representative cost drivers in the right column below are randomized with respect to the list of functions in the left column. That is, they do not match. Function Representative Cost Driver 1. 2. 3. 4. A. Number of invoices sent B. Number of purchase orders C. Number of Research scientists D. Hours of computer processing unit (CPU) E. Number of new hires F. Number of transaction processed Accounting PersonnelRead MoreThe Strategies Of Jasper Group On Marketing And Community Outreach989 Words   |  4 Pagescommunity outreach. Marketing is the action of promoting and selling of products and or services, including market research and advertising (Oxford Dictionary, 2016). 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A companyRead MoreThe Strategies Of Jasper Group On Marketing And Community Outreach1126 Words   |  5 Pagescommunity outreach. Marketing is the action of promoting and selling of products and or services, including market research and advertising (Oxford Dictionary, 2016). Marketing functions are critical to business success. If marketing is not taken seriously a business will fail even if they have a great product or service. The promoting of a business and its products or services is how the busin ess attracts customers and gets sales and that keeps a business viable. Community outreach is an aspect ofRead MoreStrategic Role of Operations in Ecolab’s Corporate Strategy Essay1428 Words   |  6 Pagesprospects and development objectives. It also includes organization’s business strategy as a main choice of means and methods of competition (Griffin, Pustay, 2005). This may be production of standardized products or delivery-on-order products/service, competition based on lower prices or rapid delivery of products. Corporate strategy provides overall direction, which provides the framework to perform functions throughout the organization. Strategy is a clear vision of the outcomes to be reachedRead MoreGlobalization : Operations Management And Globalization991 Words   |  4 Pagesthey have organized a sales package, may hire a representative to exemplify the product in that market. A representative will work rather closely with you to ensure that your product or ideas stay intact throughout the entire process. They represent your company at the forefront, making it extremely important that whomever you choose to represent you in the market handles it in much the same way you would yourself. (The Challenge of Globalization, 2014) Licensing. Licensing is a somewhat cultured agreement

The Concept of the Political Free Essays

As a counterterrorism officer my moral duty is to protect the residents of my state from terrorism attacks and the national security of US. Therefore, I am under no obligation but to ensure I fulfill the role that I have been assigned. I am the senior counterterrorism officer in California State where there is a high percentage of Arab American citizens and immigrants. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of the Political or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus over the last couple of decades it has been difficult to detect terrorists. Furthermore, infiltrating such a community has proved to be difficult thereby providing a loophole for the increase in terrorist activities. Infiltrating the Arab American Community To curb this demise I will commission FBI agents to act as my spies by posing as Muslim worshippers in the California mosques. This decision may be perceived as a violation of human rights and the freedom of privacy enjoyed by other citizens. However, in the actual fact this initiative is among the criminal responsibilities that are bestowed on counterterrorism officer. Moreover, it is a counterintelligence activity that ensures protection of the US national security by providing important information to the FBI body and the government. The rights to perform counterintelligence activities have been governed by the National security of 1947 which was amended in 2004 by the establishment of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act. Furthermore, the commissioned FBI agents will not commit any wrong doing offences (Uwe, 2007). I will also employ informant to live amongst the community. The informant will mainly be ex-US military officers whose credentials are remarkable and stimulate the required standards. I prefer using ex-military officers because they are competent, trained to serve the nation thus will thoroughly understand the importance of their assignment and the need for them to keep their identity in discretion. The agents will regularly be monitored to prevent the development of discrepancy behaviors against ethical and moral norms. I will also make use of biometric fingerprint procedure for all travelers leaving and entering the California state. It may be argued that this tactic will detain people unnecessarily thereby wasting their time and subjecting them to measures and challenges that are unjustifiable. However, the initiative will enable the California Homeland Security Department to prevent identity theft, use of fraudulent documents and terrorists from gaining access to the state thus enhancing the national security and safety of California residents (Schmitt, 2007). The Status, Rights and Protections offered to Culprits of Terrorism In an attempt of increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of counterterrorism an executive order authorizing the interrogation and trial of foreign terrorist suspects and illegal combatants by a special military tribunal was passed in 2001. Therefore, an ex-American citizen captured in the United States in the act of terrorism should be considered as an illegal enemy combatant. Thus I would not hesitate to hand the culprit to the jurisdiction of the military commission of the United States, an act that will be in accordance with the (Military Commissions Act (MCA) of 2006 that was passed by the Congress introducing the concept of illegal combatant into US legislation. Furthermore, the concept of illegal combatant enemies has been accepted by other nations who have willingly handed over their sovereignty in this context to the US (Gill Sliedregt, 2005). The establishment of the above legislations withdrew all the protections that were accorded to ex-American citizens. The same applies to foreign nationals caught engaging in terrorism in US, American citizens fighting American forces abroad and foreign nationals that are non-military officials fighting American forces abroad. The above are all illegal combatant enemies of the state and thus also deserve to be tried before the jurisdiction of the military commission without the provision of Habeas corpus rights. The Habeas Corpus is a provision given to detained culprits to appeal for their release incase of being detained unlawfully. The above subjects are liable to torture in the event of collecting information that would increase the efficiency of the government and military to provide the US state national security. Therefore, I would fully support the idea of implementing torture as a method of extracting useful information to such culprits in an attempt of protecting the California residents (US Congress Joint Resolution, 2001). Perspectives Concerning Just War Just war is perpetuated by states in an attempt of protecting themselves from aggressive attack from other nations. However, for just war to be justifiable it should be used as a last resort problem of solving the conflict that exists that is after all non-violent mechanisms of resolving conflicts are exhausted. Just wars should only be perpetuated by bodies that are recognized by the society as legitimate. A just war should be initiated if the presumed end results are beneficial where its success is guaranteed to prevent death and suffering of innocent people in accordance to moral vices. The death of civilians can only be justified if they were accidentally killed by being in the vicinity of the military targets. Therefore, just wars should initiate long lasting peace between the nations that were under conflict. Furthermore, states are not supposed to use force when initiating just wars and in instances where such force must be implemented it should not exceed the injury or suffering caused. The war on terrorism can thus be classified as a just war because it adheres to the above principles. However, it can cease to be a just war if its goal is to spread terror, subject war on a non-state organization and if it aims at killing and hurting civilians (Fotion, 2007). Anti Americanism involves the negative aspect that individuals and state have over the political, economic, social and cultural values of US. Anti Americanism has adversely affected the national security of US due to introduction of foreign hostility towards the US state for instance terrorism, thus curbing the effective attainment of stipulated US policy goals. Anti Americanism also affects the ability of US to conduct businesses abroad. This is unethical and thus not justifiable therefore individuals that perpetuate the stimulation of violent acts against the American state should be held accountable for their actions and thus are liable to stand trial before the military commission. The US government has a right to protect the national security of the country by dealing with schools, mosques and charities that indirectly support terrorism while actually not directly engaging in the terrorism activities. The government prosecutes such individuals or organization with the aim of eliminating the terrorism concept and support that the individuals and organizations offer (US Congress Joint Resolution, 2001). USA PATRIOT Act The enactment of the USA PATRIOTIC ACT after the 9/11 attack has substantially reduced terrorism in United States because the surveillance and investigating powers of the US law enforcement officers was increased especially with respect to internet use. However, if I were in Congress I would vote for the renewal of the Act to amend it. This is because the Act was enacted in haste without being subjected to Congress debate and house report to declare the consent of Senators. This fact resulted to the omission of a balance between civil liberty and stipulated legislations (US Congress Joint Resolution, 2001). Word Count: 1190 Reference List Fotion, N. (2007). War and Ethics: Just War Theory. New York: Continuum. Gill, T. Sliedregt, E. (2005). Guantanamo Bay: A Reflection on the Legal Status and Rights of Unlawful Enemy Combatants. The Utrecht Law Review, 1 (1). Retrieved on July, 6th, 2009 from http://www. utrechtlawreview. org. Schmitt, C. (2007). The Concept of the Political. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. U. S. Congress Joint Resolution (2001). Authorization for Use of Military Force. Public Law, 107(40), 115 Stat. 224. Uwe. S. (2007). On the Ethics of War and Terrorism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. How to cite The Concept of the Political, Papers

Talent Management †a Buzzword in Corporate Hr Today free essay sample

Not surprising to know, 60-70% of the Indian CEOs spend their time in strategising talent recruitment and retention (according to a BTI study). The next obvious question that our mind poses is â€Å"Why? † The scope of corporate HR has much widened since the 1990s, from the mundane activities of just hiring and paying the workmen, to the ‘strategic HR’ activities like training the recruitees as well. Restructuring the organisation (e. g. , some companies moved from centralised to decentralised organisational structure) has led to the restructuring of the job roles and concentrating on compensation management too, with equal importance. The learning management systems to manage the learning and keeping track of competency paths of all the employees in the organisation is one such advancement, typical to the strategic HR function, alongwith the Applicant Tracking System, and Compensation system in the list. Having entered an intriguing area as this, the question that pricks is â€Å"Are we still in the strategic HR function days? † Today the recruiters are not bothered on how to acquire talent; they are bothered to make a cost effective and more efficient ‘competency based recruitment system’. We will write a custom essay sample on Talent Management – a Buzzword in Corporate Hr Today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Acquiring talent is easier today than retaining the talent. Today the Learning and Development department is not bothered on how to train the employees; they are bothered about filling the competency needs of their employees for the future needs as well, in addition to the present. The CEOs are concerned about succession planning and finding ways to hone and up-bring the existing talent pool, laying greener pastures for the organisation tomorrow. Thus we own all rights to say that today we are in the â€Å"Talent Management era† and that strategic management perspective has just become old. HR function has moved all the way from a ‘Business function’ to ‘Business partner’, to what is called ‘Business integration’ today. Process improvements for efficiency and effectiveness, competency management, performance management, and succession planning top the priority list of activities in organisations in this era. Effectiveness and efficiency comes only when we have appropriate talent pool at place, hence managing the talent is becoming very vital activity. Walking on the paths of Mr. Jack Welch, to be #1 or #2 in the industry, every organisation is trying to knock out the other in every aspect from ‘product’ to ‘people’. Competition has increased tremendously and hence the demand for right talent! The industry has thus turned a hot cake for employees, where they have numerous avenues to go (unlike in the past), if they do not receive the â€Å"asset like treatment† in the existing organisation. It has become two- sided, wherein the employee is benefitted in terms of â€Å"growth in career and competencies† and the organisation gets his services in return. If not taken care of appropriately, then he walks out. Talent retention is thus, one very important motive of talent management, apart from the core objective of taming the talent for surviving in the industry. Last but not the unimportant, in today’s context the organisations brand image goes the way it treats and nurtures its people. From the business perspective, its seems apt to conclude with what Mr. Tufan Ghosh, the CEO of Columbia Asia Hospitals, says – â€Å"If you do not get your people right, chances are you wont get anything else right†!

Australian Transportation Industry

Table of Contents Introduction Background of the market Client Background Myki Onyx Recommendations and conclusion References Introduction This report is about the Australian Transportation Industry, which has several transit partners, including Onyx that endeavors to transform transportation in Melbourne.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Australian Transportation Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The report is divided into various segments, with detailed information about the technology and how to achieve the intended goal in the transport industry in Australia. Moreover, the status of the industry will be analyzed to ascertain the opportunities of the market. Background of the market Like most cities in the world, Melbourne has continued to improve its transport system in order to meet the needs of its people and address emerging challenges in the transport industry. Besides other factors about Melb ourne’s transport system, it is known to be the home of the largest tram network around the globe. The city is well-connected with hundreds of routes, and no other city in the country has a freeway network like the one in Melbourne (Wheeler 2008, p. 344). The city is mainly served by buses and trains, which are considered to be more effective in facilitating the movement of people within the city and connecting to other destinations in the country. The rural areas are also connected to the metropolitan through railway networks. Surveys have revealed that less than 20% of Melbourne’s population receives timely and suitable services. Even though the system has tremendously changed, Melbourne’s transportation has remained car-oriented, a trait, which continues to discourage commuters (Battellino 1997, p. 5). It is also important to note that the transport sector is partly privatized, even though the idea received immense criticism after the public found it more exp ensive to run the private system as compared to the way it had been publicly managed.Advertising Looking for report on transportation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Based on the changing times and advancing technology, most Australians wish to see an automated system, to avoid long queues, which are common in ticketing stations. This is mainly attributed to the high population that requires efficient electronic services in most of the departments including transport. Even though the ticketing system is becoming digital, many Australians prefer a simplified system, which doesn’t require travelling cards for convenience (Explore Melbourne: Public transport information 2012). Client Background The metropolitan transport company aims at facilitating transport in Melbourne by meeting the needs of its clients. Its activities include regulation of the system, by ensuring that the people of Melbourne are served with the best transport services. Additionally, the company listens to the complaints made by commuters and makes necessary changes in order to remain relevant in the market (Wheeler 2008, p. 344). With regard to fares and ticketing, the company has been on the frontline in advocating for a payment system that is efficient and convenient to customers. This has led to the developing of ticketing systems, say Myki and Metcard. Myki is an electronic card, which is used by commuters when they are using the public transport system. The metropolitan transport company plays a major role in Melbourne, through networks, which connect the city and facilitates the movement of people from one destination to another. There is no doubt that it is a major player in the strengthening of the country’s economy (Public Transport in Melbourne 2012).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Australian Transportation Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Le arn More Based on the role the company plays in promoting movement of people within the city, it is doubtless that the company is in a position to accommodate an idea that promises better services. For the metropolitan transport company, Onyx would guarantee an improved ticketing system, which promotes efficiency and convenience. Myki Myki is a system used for ticketing in Melbourne and other cities in the country. Importantly, the introduction of Myki in Australia was aimed at improving the ticketing process by replacing the Metcard with a more effective system, which addresses the needs of the city. The card can be used anywhere when one is paying for public transport bills, since it stores value, and is recharged upon depletion. Unlike Metcard, Myki has a wide range of advantages (ABC News 2008). For instance, it is considered to be convenient in estimating the fare paid with regard to the distance covered and the zone of operation. By having the Myki card, one can travel aroun d the city using public transport without necessarily carrying money or purchasing fare tickets every day. In fact, the system allows auto top-ups by customers for the sake of convenience while travelling (MYKI: Myki benefits 2012). Additionally, Myki cards do not get worn out daily; they are made of plastic to allow them last long. The system also charges minimum amount of fare and is flexible in the sense that commuters decide what to spend since there are several payment modes, like â€Å"pay as you go† and the prepaid method. Some of the issues facing Myki include privacy of information, where concerns have been raised over the security of information. Additionally, the plan has taken too long to be rolled out across the city (Summers Smith 2010).Advertising Looking for report on transportation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Onyx Onyx is determined to bring change in the lives of Australians through an improved payment system when using the public transport system, through the use of smart phone applications. This is based on the fact that Melbourne is concentrated with people who mainly use the public transport system. Moreover, this group of commuters comprises of employees, students, and visitors touring the city, who spend a lot of money in paying fare. Unlike the current and previous payment systems, Onyx will embrace today’s technology by allowing commuters to pay their transport bills using iPhones and other smart phones. This will mean that nobody will be required to carry along cards, since the payment will be made using an application on the phone, downloadable from the internet. The technology will be integrated with Myki in partnership with Google to ensure that its services are effective. The relevance of Onyx is the based on the current status of the industry and advancement in tech nology. For instance, Melbourne has the largest tram system in the world, with millions of trips and journeys being made annually (Dodson et al. 2012). As a result, Onyx aims at eliminating delays, which have been witnessed recently by the Metcard system and Myki. Additionally, no queues are expected since no payment will require the use of a common paying point, as seen with card readers used by Myki. Based on the challenges, there is no doubt that the product will be highly acceptable. Recommendations and conclusion From the above analysis, it is evident that Melbourne transport system needs a more advanced ticketing system, in order to address its current challenges. Nevertheless, Onyx has to be well marketed so that commuters can visualize the benefits of the system. This can be achieved by use of the 4 P’s of marketing in meeting the needs of the industry. The idea is feasible based on the technological advancements, which have been realized in the 21st century and the o pportunities in the Australian transport system. References Battellino, H. 1997, Mode choice for non-work trips. 21st Australasian Transport Research Forum, University of South Australia, Adelaide. Dodson et al. 2012, Transport Disadvantage in the Australian Metropolis: Towards new concepts and methods. Web. Wheeler, D. 2008, Lonley Planet Melbourne Victoria City Guide, Lonely Planet, Melbourne. Explore Melbourne: Public transport information 2012. Web. Summers, J. Smith, B. 2010, Communication Skills Handbook, John Wiley Sons, Queensland. ABC News: Myki ticket system delayed again. 2008. Web. MYKI: Myki benefits 2012. Web. Public Transport in Melbourne. 2012. Web. This report on Australian Transportation Industry was written and submitted by user Maxim Casey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

George Calvert essays

George Calvert essays George Calvert was the first Lord of Baltimore. His oldest son, Cecil Calvert, was the second Lord Baltimore. George Calvert, after a visit to Virginia, petitioned King Charles I of England to grant him permission to colonize the land north of the Potomac. He died in 1632, at age 52, just 66 days before the colony's official charter was issued, but his son Cecil Calvert carried out his father's dream. Cecil Calvert had the difficult task of planning and carrying out the colonization of Maryland. He recruited settlers and arranged for the Ark and the Dove to take them to Maryland. Cecil Calvert spent a great deal of money on that first voyage. The two ships arrived at Maryland in early March 1634. Cecil Calvert supported his father's idea of making Maryland a haven for all types of Christians. He was responsible for the Act Concerning Religion, a law that tried to eliminate religious prejudice among Christian Marylanders. Because England's monarchs could not be trusted to leave the American colonies alone, Cecil Calvert spent the remaining years of his life in England protecting his ownership of Maryland. Despite a couple of interruptions, Maryland remained a Calvert possession for well over a century. Maryland's Cecil County was named for him, and Anne Arundel County was named for his wife. When Europeans arrived in the 1600's about 3,000 Indian people lived on the land that is now called Maryland. No one is certain when they met the Europeans for the first time. Some historians think that french traders ben to buy furs from the Indians that lived along Chesapeake Bay in the early 1500s. During the 1660s many land disputes arose because of settlers farming land which was close to other state=s borders. Consequently, disputes came about as to border lines. These disputes involved the states of Virginia and Pennsylvania. Over the next 100 years Maryland lost many thousand acres of land to these states. The F...

In the United States, we do not need to plan for retirement. Social Essay

In the United States, we do not need to plan for retirement. Social Security will cover our needs when we are retired - Essay Example People at large now believe that the social security funds are not enough to provide financial shelter to the retired people and one should plan for his retirement without expecting that he will get enough from the national social security fund to fulfil all of his needs of the retired life (Brown et al, p83). The national social security program relies upon the taxes of the existing working force. The danger of the fiscal imbalance always remain associated with the social security funds because the number of retired people eligible to draw the funds anytime exceed the number of the workers paying to the system. This imbalance will cause the social security funds to run in deficit and the retired people will no longer be able to draw the desired amount of funds from the funds. The economic instability drawn by the financial recession and increase in the unemployment within the country has also increased the probabilities that the national security funds will run out few years before it has been projected by the financial experts (Stephen, p1). On average, the social security funds provide $1,076 per month to over 54 million Americans (Brown et al, p83). ... ts of the social security are more than the tax payers and in the coming years it is expected to record more imbalance in the ratio of retired and tax payer people. The government fiscal deficit has been increased to $1.5 trillion in 2011 due to which the funds available to pay the retirees are also expected to shrink in the coming years (Brown et al, p83). The issue of running out of the social security fund is great point of concern for the people in United States because the generally people use to reply upon these funds to meet their needs of the retired life. The social security funds could be deem as source of getting enough for the retired life but as the economy of the country is witnessing transformational changes due to number of factors it could no longer be a wise decision to reply upon the social security funds for the retired life. The people should now focus upon their individual planning so that they could spend their retired life with peace and financial security (Br own et al, p83). When the social security program was initiated in 1980s the fund reached the level of $2.5 trillion surplus within few years and it was expected that it will sufficiently pay out the benefits to the people until 2037. The projected year of running out in deficit is still not much close but the funds are already drained and the social security funds are now not enough to pay funds to all the eligible people until and unless the fund is provided from any other source. The danger of the collapse of the national security funds could not be overlook in the current situation where there is high level of economic uncertainty, instability and unemployment in the country (Megan, p1). It has been reported by most of the credible news sources like Associated Press, BBC and CNCB that