Ethical Theories And Doctrines That Affects Companies ...

Organisations operating within a community are increasingly being recognised to include individuals and groups as its stakeholders in the long-term security and success of the organization. Therefore, it is important to include these community groups in the corporate and communications strategy to build a positive relationship. A frequently used term to define this strategy is corporate social responsibility (CSR) that is defined by Tench (2013) as how organisations plan and manage their relationships with key stakeholders. Although organisations are not a state, country or region, they are part of the infrastructure of society and thus, they must consider their impact on it. There is a significant debate whether companies should choose to†¦show more content†¦Philosophers describes cognitivism as ‘the belief that there are objective moral truths which can be known and consequently that a statement of moral belief can be true or false’ (Theaker 2003). Non-cognit ivism on another hand is described as the belief that morality is subjective or culturally relative, which means in regards to moral right and wrong, there are only beliefs, attitudes and opinions. However, business ethics and the concept of corporate social responsibilities had a significant impact especially from the cognitivist perspective such as utilitarianism, Kantianism and ‘rights’ theories (ibid) From the consequentionalist theory, utilitarianism stresses the consequences to society as a whole – the greatest good for the greatest number (Curtin and Boynton, 2001, cited in Heath 2001). It is a notion that ‘an action is right only to the extent that it causes more good than ill to be produced’ (Somerville 2003). In simple words, an action is considered ethical and right if it leads to a positive effect. However, utilitarian critics note that it is difficult to know the consequences of actions before the fact as not all things can be calculated. It also requires promotion or maximization of ‘goods’ such as economic growth in order to achieve utility that allows the sacrificing of individuals and minorities ‘for the greater

Prison Reform in Russia and Crime and Punishment, by...

The novel Crime and Punishment occurs in the summer of 1865; a time when radical legal and social changes swept through Russia. The reforms of 1860’s and 1870’s were known as the Great Reforms because they affected every aspect of Russian life. With â€Å"an 1861 decree emancipating the serfs and [a] monumental reform of the court system in 1864,† the Russian society was still transitioning from an Estate-of-the-realm style toward a more just system focused on equality (Burnham 1227). The reformed penal system is not just under the modern sense of justice, yet it provided a far greater level of equality than the previous model, dominated by aristocrats and government officials. Lagging behind a few years, Russia was following the†¦show more content†¦Dostoevsky insist Raskolnikov cannot be satisfied with himself without a formal confession to the authorities; thus, linking self-satisfaction with the justice system illustrates that Dostoevsky believes the true nature of the criminal justice system should be to rehabilitate rather than to maim and toss away. According to William Burnham, the law around the time of Crime and Punishment â€Å"required confessions [to] be voluntary, consistent with the factual circumstances of the case, and be judicial† in order to be applicable evidence (1236). Porfiry probes Raskolnikov for this three-prong confession routinely (Porfiry almost certainly knows Raskolnikov committed the crime, but he cannot prove it). Quoting an English proverb, Porfiry says, â€Å"a hundred rabbits will never make a horse, a hundred suspicions will never make a proof† (Dostoevsky 452). Raskolnikov’s calculations and covering of evidence show the ease with which he hid the evidence from the investigation. Porfiry merely checks the blatant locations: Raskolnikov’s apartment. The office’s shallow ability to search for clues represents the entire justice system’s inability to be ef fective. Dostoevsky criticizes the criminal justice system because while it is doing what people like, arresting criminals, it is avoiding its true purpose: turning crooks back into citizens. The system is very similar to Porfiry; while he is a very likeableShow MoreRelatedThe Harsh Reality: Crime and Punishment Essay1926 Words   |  8 Pages A paragon of realist literature, Fyodor Dostoevsky harshly exposes nihilism in his novel, Crime and Punishment, published in 1866. He wields his knowledge of social psychology and pathology to weave the cautionary tale, borrowing liberally from his personal life. Its protagonist, Rodion Raskolnikov, is intelligent yet bitter and unfeeling, embodying the qualities of nihilism, the desertion of one or more meaningful aspects of life. The philosophical doctrine of nihilism is historically ubiquitousRead MoreThe Themes of Dostoyevsky2976 Words   |  12 Pages The Themes of Dostoyevsky Fyodor Dostoyevsky, born in 1821, would become one of the greatest writers in Russian literature. Fyodor received an education in engineering in St. Petersburg, but decided to follow a literary career. He was a person who wrote how they felt about certain topics, and felt that everyone should know about the government. Dostoyevsky joined the underground group, the Petrashevsky circle, the to bring out the truth in these books, which were forbidden in the public. Through

Light and Saint Luke Free Essays

The painting St. Luke by Master Theodoric was painted 1360-1364 and is paint and gold on panel. The size of the piece is 115 x 94 cm. We will write a custom essay sample on Light and Saint Luke or any similar topic only for you Order Now St. Luke is located in the Holy Cross Chapel, Karlstejn Castle, near Prague. One of the most intriguing parts of this painting is above Saint Luke’s right shoulder is a tan colored miniature ox. Although the ox is a symbol of Saint Luke, when I see this piece the miniature ox gives the impression to be an ominous figure in the painting. This may not be the focal point of this artwork however; this small part is the first object that I noticed. What makes this painting unique and is two parts of the painting spill over onto the golden frame. Perhaps the most noticeable part of this painting is Saint Luke’s piercing gaze. I believe this to be the focal point of the painting. His large gray eyes seem to looking to the right, not right at the viewer, his stare is slightly eerie. He is an older man; the signs of age can be seen on his forehead and the graying in his facial hair. Saint Luke’s beard is long, like you would expect of the time. It is very wavy and seems to curl in places. His head seems to be large which during the time this piece was painted was a common style toward the end of that century was. Saint Luke is wearing a vibrant blue robe like the types you would see in religious artworks. The detail in the color of his robe stands out. For instance, darker shades were used in parts of the folds of the material. The lighter parts are the outside, it gives the illusion that there may be a light facing the painting and the light is reflecting off his robe. Another important detail is in front of his heart is a cross painted in the lighter shade of blue of the robe. The placement of the cross is situated over his heart. Under the cross his hand is extend out of the robe. His hand has long boney fingers with blue veins on the top of his hand. It doesn’t give the impression of someone that is elderly because it lacks wrinkles, mostly appears as it is someone who is frail. In his left hand is a thick book that has a red cover and white sheets of paper. The book looks as though it may be a bible. The book is open to the middle of the book facing out; the pages of the book are blank. In the upper left corner of the painting is the miniature ox which is a symbol of Saint Luke. The ox seems to be breaking through the wall behind Saint Luke and resting on his right shoulder. Behind the ox is a brilliant blue sky with white clouds. The ox is a dark beige color, a very earthy tone. His right profile is the only part of his face that you can see; his eye is a deep red color. On top of his head are his horns which are a light brown at the base and gradually take a darker shade, they are black at the tips of his horns. At the base his hair is curly and the same shade as his body. On his back are odd shape wings that are multiple shades of light and dark pinks. The shape is wavy with the small feathers. They are not the normal shape of wings that you are customary of seeing. The background looks to be a wall that is painted gold in a geometric pattern. The pattern is very detailed, there appears to be flowers in the shapes. Behind Saint Luke’s head there appears to be a halo painted in the same bold gold color. The designs behind Saint Luke are the same design carried over to the frame giving the appearance of the painting being three dimensional. On the frame at the top where the miniature ox is coming through the wall behind Saint Luke, the blue sky is paint is overlapping on the frame. This also occurs on the right side of the frame, the top right corner of the open book is painted onto the frame also. At the bottom of the frame there is an oval cut out. Within the cut out there is another cutout possibly meant to hold some sort of object, it looks to be empty. The style in which this artwork was painted to me says good and evil. The miniature ox to me looks like a goat due to the size and I have never heard of a miniature ox. The red eye and the horns give the impression that he represents the devil. Saint Luke to me symbolizes holy and spiritual. I am uncertain the meaning and purpose of the open book with the blank pages. Religious works of art such as paintings, sculptures, and architectures can be interpreted many ways by many different people. How to cite Light and Saint Luke, Papers

Literary Magazine Analysis Essays - Communication Design, Writer

Literary Magazine Analysis For the purposes of this literary magazine analysisation project, I reviewed three publications; being The Denver Quarterly, Poets and Writers Magazine and Writers Digest. After reviewing these publications, Ive found that literary magazines and journals are useful to help writers get their material published and also to keep them informed on opportunities that are available to them, to improve their writings and to help them gain exposure. The first two publications that I looked at were Writers Digest and Poets and Writers Magazine. These publications were quite similar in mission, although, they are marketed to two very different audiences, which makes their layout and content information very different. The April 2001 issue of Writers Digest, had Stephen King on its cover; that alone categorizes this publication as something that writers who esteem King works and style would purchase. This publication focused mostly on mass-market writings and how to pump out quantity rather than quality. The advertisements in this publication were flashy and some were even in color. There were advertisements every few pages that were typically a full page in length. They ranged from ads from publishers; to ads from people who claimed they could help you improve your writing, to mail order writing seminars. This publication definitely focuses on lowbrow stuff that could probably be found in the isles of your local super market. There were also some very helpful information included, such as an article on helpful hints, on how to choose the right words for you stories and poems. There were four sections of columns. The first titled inspiration, consisted of five medium sized articles about how to make your first book successful and on how to survive in the world of writing. The next column section was titled business and focused solely on publication and different methods that can be used to get published. The third column section was titled technique and contained four short articles on different methods of writing that might be helpful to writers in various genres. The last column section was titled FYI and had information about up and coming writing events. The features section of this publication revolved around such things as why its important to have an agent and questions an author should ask before signing contracts or agreements. The feature article in this edition was a piece produced by Stephen King about how its important to write everyday and on him sharing techniques he uses to write at least ten pages a day. Kings perspective on writing was that, once a project is begun, one shouldnt stop writing until the work is complete. This article optimizes what Writers Digest is all about; creating best sellers rather classics and producing as much as possible as soon as possible. From these observations, I believe the editorial stance of this magazine is to provide resources and helpful information to aspiring writers and to accomplished authors who are working on perfecting their style and technique as mass-marketed authors. The second literary magazine that I review was the March / April 2001 issue Poets and Writers Magazine. This publication focused more on stylistic nit-picky things. I like this publication because it has a very large resource section in which there is information on various grants for writing and different contest for stories and poetry that are being held all around the country. This publication is defiantly an aspiring writers best friend. This publication was similar to Writers Digest, in that the majority of what was contained in it revolved around exposing writers to what good writers should or shouldnt do. Although the category of dos and donts was quite different since these publications are aimed at slightly different crowds. Another big difference in these publications is in that Poet and Writers Magazine doesnt have any color advertisements in it. Also the types of advertisements are very different. Poets and Writers only contained ads on writing schools, conferences, writing programs, other writing publications and books on things such as new approaches to characterization. The ads in this publication were also very small in comparison to those in Writers Digest, in that, Poets and Writers contained no full-page ads. There were also four column sections in this publication. The first

Consider The Obstacles Jane Eyre And Mr. Rochester Essays

Consider The Obstacles Jane Eyre And Mr. Rochester Essays Consider The Obstacles Jane Eyre And Mr. Rochester Must Overcome If They Are To Have A Meaningful Relationship Jane Eyre, written in 1847, is a novel written in autobiographical style about an orphan girls quest for love. The novel reflects contemporary life of that period and everything that happens is seen from Jane Eyres, the protagonists point of view. Although the story reflects the language, customs, and style of the Victorian period, the elements of mystery, emotions and struggles transcend time. The emotion of love is universal to all human beings and in not defined by a period of time. It is written about similarly from century to century. For the most part, people seek to be loved and to love. In this respect, Jane Eyre does not differ. Websters dictionary defines a relationship as the mutual exchange between two people who have dealings with one another. It is a common observation that human beings have a multitude of different types of relationships with the individuals they deal with. However, these relationships are further delineated by gender, culture, age, social status, and authority. A meaningful relationship between a girl and her girlfriends will generally be different than the relationship of between her and her male peers. Another characteristic of human relationships is that they are dynamic. Relationships can change from day to day, season to season and year to year. At some point in most individuals life they will seek a meaningful, romantic relationship resulting in love, commitment, companionship and happiness. After a somewhat hard childhood, deprived of affection, security and love, Jane enjoys much comfort and freedom at Thornfield. However she continues to experience restlessness and boredom until the arrival of Mr. Rochester. After a quiet, reserved period, Jane and Mr. Rochester spend many hours in conversation. Jane becomes alive in his attention, is stimulated by the challenges he offers and is comfortable in arguing against his opinions. Throughout the first part of the novel Jane is presented as exhibiting spiritual isolation . However, she seeks to give and receive love from her surroundings and those in her surroundings. To Jane love is the power which sustains life. Mr. Rochester confides to Jane that he is in despair, believing himself doomed to suffer for his past sins. Although he tells her of a love he once experienced, the love was jaded. Apart from this brief confession, the reader is aware that Jane and Mr. Rochesters conversations are limited to general conversations regarding philosophy. It is very evident to the reader in the first part of the novel that a mutual attraction if felt by both Jane and Mr. Rochester. Although, until they can get through some obstacles that stand in their way, the attraction the share will not progress into a meaningful relationship; it will remain static. Jane Eyres experiences with the male species is very limited. There do not appear to be any significant males in her life prior to her arrival at Thornfield. Therefore, she has no experience in the art of courting Mr. Rochester. He, on the other hand, appears to have had at least one meaningful romantic relationship (with Celine Varens) which he describes and confesses to Jane. The love relationship ended when Rochester discovered that the woman did not really love him, but loved his money and status. Furthermore, Rochester, from Janes point of view, is being pursued by Blanche Ingram. At one point he suggests to Jane that he may be marrying Blanche Ingram. The reader, given Janes analytical observations, feels that Mr. Rochester is trying to get Jane to reveal her feelings for him. However, Jane with her limited experience regarding males and courtship does not see this. What is holding back the progression of the relationship is pride and fear of rejected love. We know that Mr. Rochester is intelligent, proud, and cynical. He hopes that Jane will understand his true feelings about her and even goes to the extreme of dressing up as a gypsy in order to find out if Jane really does love him. However, Jane does not see through the deeper meaning of this deception and tells him very little of her feelings. Once again, it is her pride that stops

Peers and Piers

Peers and Piers Peers and Piers Peers and Piers By Maeve Maddox More proof that traditional literature is in a state of neglect is the frequent occurrence of the spelling piers when the context calls for peers. I really hope i will [win something] because I have a BIG presentation coming up and that mouse would really impress my piers! And to set the record straight I am not going on safari for that as the sole purpose. Id still like to bring home some trophies to brag about and impress my piers! Ive listened to the Beatles songs. They were all right, but nothing to impress my piers. I was a child and wanted to do things that would impress my piers. I never really thought much about my life until I was in my thirties. Before that time, I was too busy trying to move up the corporate ladder, impress my piers, prove that I was intelligent and go through school. I have many goals but one of them would be to work or produce a project that would truly impress my piers. I dont skate/snowboard to make friends and impress my piers. I found most of these examples in forums and comments where correct expression is not a priority, but one is from a site offering services for sale, and one is from a poem. In each of these examples the word wanted is peers. A peer is a person equal in standing to another. The word comes from Latin par, equal. In some contexts it means noble. The expression peer of the realm, means a member of the aristocracy. The peerage is a system that classifies the aristocracy by rank and title. A woman who belongs to the peerage is a peeress. In general usage a peer is an equal. The state of equality may be civil, economic, or social. Citizens accused of a crime are to be tried by a jury of their peers. The equality can also lie in the area of skill or ability. An extremely gifted craftsman or athlete can be said to have no peer. In French medieval literature, the twelve peers are twelve heroic knights like those of the Round Table in the Arthurian tales. In the Song of Roland, the twelve peers include Roland, Oliver, Bishop Turpin, and the traitor Ganelon. A pier is a vertical support. The structure that supports a bridge is a pier. Cathedrals are built with piers that support the tremendous weight of roof and towers. Piers are inanimate. They are incapable of feeling admiration so theres no point in trying to impress them. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101List of Greek Words in the English LanguageWords Often Misspelled Because of Double Letters

Related to Electronic Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Related to Electronic Engineering - Essay Example QDF is used to identify critical customer attributes and to create a specific link between customer attributes and design parameters. Matrices are used to organize information to help marketers and design engineers answer three primary questions: What attributes are critical to our customers? What design parameters are important in driving those customer attributes? What should the design parameter targets be for the new design? For QDF process the organising framework is a planning tool called the â€Å"house of Working as a team, design engineers and marketers first establish critical customer attributes for the product. These attributes become the rows of the central matrix of the house of quality. The team may group attributes into broader categories in order to simplify planning and analysis (Wheelwright, 1992). The key benefits obtained by adopting QFD are given below. †¢ Reduced time to market †¢ Reduction in design changes †¢ Decreased design and manufac turing costs †¢ Improved quality †¢ Increased customer satisfaction