personaliy theories :: essays research papers

1925 - present TheoryBehaviorism, with its emphasis on data-based methods, focuses on variables we john observe, measure, and manipulate, and avoids whatever is subjective, internal, and unavailable -- i.e. mental. In the experimental method, the standard procedure is to manipulate iodine variable, and then measure its make on another. All this boils down to a theory of personality that says that ones environment causes ones behavior. Bandura found this a bit too simplistic for the phenomena he was observing -- infringement in adolescents -- and so decided to correspond a little something to the formula He suggested that environment causes behavior, true but behavior causes environment as well. He labeled this concept reciprocal determinism The public and a persons behavior cause each other. Observational studying, or modeling Of the hundreds of studies Bandura was responsible for, one group stands out above the others -- the bobo snort studies. He made of film of one of his students, a young woman, essentially beating up a bobo doll. In case you dont know, a bobo doll is an inflatable, egg-shape balloon creature with a weight in the bottom that makes it bob back up when you tip him down. Nowadays, it might maintain Darth Vader painted on it, but back then it was simply Bobo the clown. All these variations allowed Bandura to establish that there were certain steps involved in the modeling process 1. Attention. If you are passing game to learn anything, you have to be paying attention. Likewise, anything that puts a damper on attention is going to decrease learning, including empiric learning. If, for example, you are sleepy, groggy, drugged, sick, nervous, or hyper, you will learn less well. Likewise, if you are being distracted by competing stimuli. Some of the things that influence attention involve characteristics of the model. If the model is coloured and dramatic, for example, we pay much attention. If the model is attractive, or prestigious, or appears to be particularly competent, you will pay more attention. And if the model seems more like yourself, you pay more attention. These kinds of variables directed Bandura towards an examination of television and its effects on kids 2. Retention. Second, you must be able to retain -- remember -- what you have paid attention to. This is where imagery and voice communication come in we store what we have seen the model doing in the form of mental images or verbal descriptions.personaliy theories essays research papers1925 - present TheoryBehaviorism, with its emphasis on experimental methods, focuses on variables we can observe, measure, and manipulate, and avoids whatever is subjective, internal, and unavailable -- i.e. mental. In the experimental method, the standard procedure is to manipulate one variable, and then measure its effects on another. All this boils down to a theory of personality that says that ones environment causes ones behavior. Bandura found this a bit too simplistic for the phenomena he was observing -- aggression in adolescents -- and so decided to add a little something to the formula He suggested that environment causes behavior, true but behavior causes environment as well. He labeled this concept reciprocal determinism The world and a persons behavior cause each other. Observational learning, or modeling Of the hundreds of studies Bandura was responsible for, one group stands out above the others -- the bobo doll studies. He made of film of one of his students, a young woman, essentially beating up a bobo doll. In case you dont know, a bobo doll is an inflatable, egg-shape balloon creature with a weight in the bottom that makes it bob back up when you knock him down. Nowadays, it might have Darth Vader painted on it, but back then it was simply Bobo the clown. All these variations allowed Bandura to establish that there were certain steps involved in the modeling process 1. Attention. If you are going to learn anything, you have to be paying attention. Likewise, anything that puts a damper on attention is going to decrease learning, including observational learning. If, for example, you are sleepy, groggy, drugged, sick, nervous, or hyper, you will learn less well. Likewise, if you are being distracted by competing stimuli. Some of the things that influence attention involve characteristics of the model. If the model is colorful and dramatic, for example, we pay more attention. If the model is attractive, or prestigious, or appears to be particularly competent, you will pay more attention. And if the model seems more like yourself, you pay more attention. These kinds of variables directed Bandura towards an examination of television and its effects on kids 2. Retention. Second, you must be able to retain -- remember -- what you have paid attention to. This is where imagery and language come in we store what we have seen the model doing in the form of mental images or verbal descriptions.